#include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <bitset> #include <cassert> #include <chrono> #include <cmath> #include <complex> #include <cstring> #include <functional> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <numeric> #include <queue> #include <random> #include <set> #include <vector> #include <climits> using namespace std; using ll = long long; using ul = unsigned long long; using db = long double; using pi = pair<int, int>; using vi = vector<int>; using vl = vector<ll>; using vpi = vector<pi>; #define mp make_pair #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define x first #define y second template<class T> using V = vector<T>; template<class T, size_t SZ> using AR = array<T,SZ>; #define FOR(i,a,b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i) #define F0R(i,a) FOR(i,0,a) #define ROF(i,a,b) for (int i = (b)-1; i >= (a); --i) #define R0F(i,a) ROF(i,0,a) #define each(a,x) for (auto& a: x) #define sz(x) int((x).size()) #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define rep(i,a,b) for(int i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define per(i,a,b) for(int i = (b) - 1; i >= (a); i--) #ifdef LOCAL template<class A, class B> auto& operator<<(auto &o, pair<A, B> p) { return o << '(' << p.x << ", " << p.y << ')'; } auto& operator<<(auto& o, auto a) { o << "{"; for (auto b : a) o << b << ", "; return o << "}"; } void dump(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << ", "), ...) << "\n"; } #define debug(x...) cerr << "[" #x "]: ", dump(x) #else #define debug(...) ; #endif template<class T> bool ckmin(T& a, const T& b) { return b < a ? a = b, 1 : 0; } template<class T> bool ckmax(T& a, const T& b) { return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0; } template<class T> int lwb(V<T>& a, const T& b) { return int(lb(all(a),b)-bg(a)); } template<class T> int upb(V<T>& a, const T& b) { return int(ub(all(a),b)-bg(a)); } template<class T> void remDup(vector<T>& v) { sort(all(v)); v.erase(unique(all(v)),end(v)); } // #define DO_ASSERT const int N = 30'064; bool vis[N]; set<int> g[N]; set<int> gp[N]; vpi ed; int n; vector<tuple<char, int, int>> res; constexpr int MAX_OPS = 2e5; int ops = 0; bool have_common_neighbour(int a, int b) { if (sz(g[a]) > sz(g[b])) swap(a, b); for (auto c : g[a]) { if (g[b].count(c)) return true; } debug(a, b); debug(g[a]); debug(g[b]); return false; } void force_add_edge(int a, int b) { #ifdef DO_ASSERT assert(have_common_neighbour(a, b)); assert(!g[a].count(b)); assert(!g[b].count(a)); assert(++ops <= MAX_OPS); #endif res.eb('+', a+1, b+1); g[a].insert(b); g[b].insert(a); } void force_del_edge(int a, int b) { #ifdef DO_ASSERT assert(g[a].count(b)); assert(g[b].count(a)); assert(have_common_neighbour(a, b)); assert(++ops <= MAX_OPS); #endif res.eb('-', a+1, b+1); g[a].erase(b); g[b].erase(a); } void dfs1(int u = 0) { vis[u] = true; for (int v : g[u]) { if (vis[v]) continue; if (!g[0].count(v)) { force_add_edge(0, v); } dfs1(v); } } void dfs2(int u = 0) { vis[u] = true; for (int v : gp[u]) { if (vis[v]) continue; dfs2(v); } if (u == 0) return; if (!gp[0].count(u)) { force_del_edge(0, u); } } signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cin >> n; int m; cin >> m; rep(i,0,m) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; x--; y--; g[x].insert(y); g[y].insert(x); } cin >> m; ed.resize(m); rep(i,0,m) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; x--; y--; gp[x].insert(y); gp[y].insert(x); ed[i] = {x, y}; } dfs1(); memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis); for (auto [x, y] : ed) { if (g[x].count(y)) continue; force_add_edge(x, y); } vpi bad_edges; rep(x,1,n) { for (auto y : g[x]) { if (y == 0) continue; if (y < x) continue; if (gp[x].count(y)) continue; bad_edges.eb(x, y); } } for (auto [x, y] : bad_edges) { force_del_edge(x, y); } dfs2(); cout << sz(res) << '\n'; for (auto [c, x, y] : res) { cout << c << ' ' << x << ' ' << y << '\n'; } // cout << "OK"; return 0; }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 | #include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <bitset> #include <cassert> #include <chrono> #include <cmath> #include <complex> #include <cstring> #include <functional> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <numeric> #include <queue> #include <random> #include <set> #include <vector> #include <climits> using namespace std; using ll = long long; using ul = unsigned long long; using db = long double; using pi = pair<int, int>; using vi = vector<int>; using vl = vector<ll>; using vpi = vector<pi>; #define mp make_pair #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define x first #define y second template<class T> using V = vector<T>; template<class T, size_t SZ> using AR = array<T,SZ>; #define FOR(i,a,b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i) #define F0R(i,a) FOR(i,0,a) #define ROF(i,a,b) for (int i = (b)-1; i >= (a); --i) #define R0F(i,a) ROF(i,0,a) #define each(a,x) for (auto& a: x) #define sz(x) int((x).size()) #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define rep(i,a,b) for(int i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define per(i,a,b) for(int i = (b) - 1; i >= (a); i--) #ifdef LOCAL template<class A, class B> auto& operator<<(auto &o, pair<A, B> p) { return o << '(' << p.x << ", " << p.y << ')'; } auto& operator<<(auto& o, auto a) { o << "{"; for (auto b : a) o << b << ", "; return o << "}"; } void dump(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << ", "), ...) << "\n"; } #define debug(x...) cerr << "[" #x "]: ", dump(x) #else #define debug(...) ; #endif template<class T> bool ckmin(T& a, const T& b) { return b < a ? a = b, 1 : 0; } template<class T> bool ckmax(T& a, const T& b) { return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0; } template<class T> int lwb(V<T>& a, const T& b) { return int(lb(all(a),b)-bg(a)); } template<class T> int upb(V<T>& a, const T& b) { return int(ub(all(a),b)-bg(a)); } template<class T> void remDup(vector<T>& v) { sort(all(v)); v.erase(unique(all(v)),end(v)); } // #define DO_ASSERT const int N = 30'064; bool vis[N]; set<int> g[N]; set<int> gp[N]; vpi ed; int n; vector<tuple<char, int, int>> res; constexpr int MAX_OPS = 2e5; int ops = 0; bool have_common_neighbour(int a, int b) { if (sz(g[a]) > sz(g[b])) swap(a, b); for (auto c : g[a]) { if (g[b].count(c)) return true; } debug(a, b); debug(g[a]); debug(g[b]); return false; } void force_add_edge(int a, int b) { #ifdef DO_ASSERT assert(have_common_neighbour(a, b)); assert(!g[a].count(b)); assert(!g[b].count(a)); assert(++ops <= MAX_OPS); #endif res.eb('+', a+1, b+1); g[a].insert(b); g[b].insert(a); } void force_del_edge(int a, int b) { #ifdef DO_ASSERT assert(g[a].count(b)); assert(g[b].count(a)); assert(have_common_neighbour(a, b)); assert(++ops <= MAX_OPS); #endif res.eb('-', a+1, b+1); g[a].erase(b); g[b].erase(a); } void dfs1(int u = 0) { vis[u] = true; for (int v : g[u]) { if (vis[v]) continue; if (!g[0].count(v)) { force_add_edge(0, v); } dfs1(v); } } void dfs2(int u = 0) { vis[u] = true; for (int v : gp[u]) { if (vis[v]) continue; dfs2(v); } if (u == 0) return; if (!gp[0].count(u)) { force_del_edge(0, u); } } signed main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cin >> n; int m; cin >> m; rep(i,0,m) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; x--; y--; g[x].insert(y); g[y].insert(x); } cin >> m; ed.resize(m); rep(i,0,m) { int x, y; cin >> x >> y; x--; y--; gp[x].insert(y); gp[y].insert(x); ed[i] = {x, y}; } dfs1(); memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis); for (auto [x, y] : ed) { if (g[x].count(y)) continue; force_add_edge(x, y); } vpi bad_edges; rep(x,1,n) { for (auto y : g[x]) { if (y == 0) continue; if (y < x) continue; if (gp[x].count(y)) continue; bad_edges.eb(x, y); } } for (auto [x, y] : bad_edges) { force_del_edge(x, y); } dfs2(); cout << sz(res) << '\n'; for (auto [c, x, y] : res) { cout << c << ' ' << x << ' ' << y << '\n'; } // cout << "OK"; return 0; } |