#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout.tie(NULL);
    cin.tie(NULL);
    srand(time(NULL));
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<vector<int>> start(n), goal(n);
    int m;
    cin >> m;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        a--; b--;
        start[a].push_back(b);
        start[b].push_back(a);
    }
    cin >> m;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        a--; b--;
        goal[a].push_back(b);
        goal[b].push_back(a);
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        sort(start[i].begin(), start[i].end());
        sort(goal[i].begin(), goal[i].end());
    }
    set<pair<int, int>> add, remove;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int it1 = 0, it2 = 0;
        while(it1 < start[i].size() && it2 < goal[i].size()) {
            int u = start[i][it1], v = goal[i][it2];
            if(i > u) it1++; 
            else if (i > v) it2++;
            else if(u == v) {
                it1++;
                it2++;
            } else if (u < v) {
                remove.insert({i, u});
                it1++;
            } else {
                add.insert({i, v});
                it2++;
            }
        }
        while(it1 < start[i].size()) {
            int u = start[i][it1];
            if(i < u) remove.insert({i, u});
            it1++;
        }
        while(it2 < goal[i].size()){
            int v = goal[i][it2];
            if(i < v) add.insert({i, goal[i][it2]});
            it2++;
        }
    }
    vector<pair<int, int>> changes1, changes2;
    vector<bool> visited(n, false);
    queue<int> q;
    visited[0] = true;
    for(auto e : start[0]) {
        q.push(e);
        visited[e] = true;
    }
    while(q.size()) {
        int v = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(auto u : start[v]) {
            if(!visited[u]) {
                visited[u] = true;
                changes1.push_back({0, u});
                add.erase({0, u});
                q.push(u);
            }
        }
    }
    fill(visited.begin(), visited.end(), false);
    visited[0] = true;
    for(auto e : goal[0]) {
        q.push(e);
        visited[e] = true;
    }
    while(q.size()) {
        int v = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(auto u : goal[v]) {
            if(!visited[u]) {
                visited[u] = true;
                changes2.push_back({0, u});
                remove.erase({0, u});
                q.push(u);
            }
        }
    }
    cout << (changes1.size() + changes2.size() + add.size() + remove.size()) << '\n';
    for(auto change : changes1) {
        cout << "+ " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n';
    }
    for(auto change : add) {
        cout << "+ " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n';
    }
    for(auto change : remove) {
        cout << "- " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n';
    }
    reverse(changes2.begin(), changes2.end());
    for(auto change : changes2) {
        cout << "- " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n';
    }
}
        1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131  | #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cout.tie(NULL); cin.tie(NULL); srand(time(NULL)); int n; cin >> n; vector<vector<int>> start(n), goal(n); int m; cin >> m; for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; start[a].push_back(b); start[b].push_back(a); } cin >> m; for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; goal[a].push_back(b); goal[b].push_back(a); } for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { sort(start[i].begin(), start[i].end()); sort(goal[i].begin(), goal[i].end()); } set<pair<int, int>> add, remove; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int it1 = 0, it2 = 0; while(it1 < start[i].size() && it2 < goal[i].size()) { int u = start[i][it1], v = goal[i][it2]; if(i > u) it1++; else if (i > v) it2++; else if(u == v) { it1++; it2++; } else if (u < v) { remove.insert({i, u}); it1++; } else { add.insert({i, v}); it2++; } } while(it1 < start[i].size()) { int u = start[i][it1]; if(i < u) remove.insert({i, u}); it1++; } while(it2 < goal[i].size()){ int v = goal[i][it2]; if(i < v) add.insert({i, goal[i][it2]}); it2++; } } vector<pair<int, int>> changes1, changes2; vector<bool> visited(n, false); queue<int> q; visited[0] = true; for(auto e : start[0]) { q.push(e); visited[e] = true; } while(q.size()) { int v = q.front(); q.pop(); for(auto u : start[v]) { if(!visited[u]) { visited[u] = true; changes1.push_back({0, u}); add.erase({0, u}); q.push(u); } } } fill(visited.begin(), visited.end(), false); visited[0] = true; for(auto e : goal[0]) { q.push(e); visited[e] = true; } while(q.size()) { int v = q.front(); q.pop(); for(auto u : goal[v]) { if(!visited[u]) { visited[u] = true; changes2.push_back({0, u}); remove.erase({0, u}); q.push(u); } } } cout << (changes1.size() + changes2.size() + add.size() + remove.size()) << '\n'; for(auto change : changes1) { cout << "+ " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n'; } for(auto change : add) { cout << "+ " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n'; } for(auto change : remove) { cout << "- " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n'; } reverse(changes2.begin(), changes2.end()); for(auto change : changes2) { cout << "- " << change.first + 1 << ' ' << change.second + 1 << '\n'; } }  | 
            
        
                    English