#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using namespace std;
template <class T>
using Ve = vector<T>;
#define ALL(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define pii pair<ll, ll>
#define rep(i, a, b) for(ll i = (a); i <= (b); ++i)
#define per(i, a, b) for(ll i = (a); i >= (b); --i)
#define pb push_back
bool Mbe;
ll read() {
ll x = 0, f = 1; char ch = getchar();
while(ch < '0' || ch > '9') {if(ch == '-') f = -1; ch = getchar();}
while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + ch - '0', ch = getchar();
return x * f;
}
void write(ll x) {
if(x < 0) putchar('-'), x = -x;
if(x > 9) write(x / 10);
putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}
const ll N = 1e6 + 9, Mod = 1e9 + 7;
ll n, K, m, f[N], g[N], h[N], sum[N], iK;
ll pw(ll x, ll p) {
ll res = 1;
while(p) {
if(p & 1) res = res * x % Mod;
x = x * x % Mod, p >>= 1;
}
return res;
}
ll calc(ll x, ll y) {
if(x == y) return n * pw(x, n - 1) % Mod;
return (pw(x, n) - pw(y, n) + Mod) % Mod * pw((x - y + Mod) % Mod, Mod - 2) % Mod;
}
bool Med;
int main() {
cerr << fabs(&Med - &Mbe) / 1048576.0 << "MB\n";
n = read(), K = read(), m = read();
f[0] = 1;
sum[0] = 1, iK = pw(K, Mod - 2);
rep(i, 1, m) {
ll l = max(0ll, i - K), r = i - 1;
f[i] = (sum[r] - (l ? sum[l - 1] : 0) + Mod) * iK % Mod;
sum[i] = (sum[i - 1] + f[i]) % Mod;
}
rep(i, 0, m - 1) {
ll l = m - i, r = K;
if(l <= r) h[i] = (r - l + 1) * iK % Mod * f[i] % Mod;
}
rep(i, 1, m) h[i] = (h[i - 1] + h[i]) % Mod;
g[0] = 1;
rep(i, 1, m) g[i] = (1 - h[i - 1] + Mod) % Mod;
ll ans = 0;
rep(i, 0, m - 1) ans = (ans + f[i] * calc(g[i + 1], g[i])) % Mod;
write(ans), putchar('\n');
cerr << "\n" << clock() * 1.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC * 1000 << "ms\n";
return 0;
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 | #include <bits/stdc++.h> using ll = long long; using ld = long double; using ull = unsigned long long; using namespace std; template <class T> using Ve = vector<T>; #define ALL(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define pii pair<ll, ll> #define rep(i, a, b) for(ll i = (a); i <= (b); ++i) #define per(i, a, b) for(ll i = (a); i >= (b); --i) #define pb push_back bool Mbe; ll read() { ll x = 0, f = 1; char ch = getchar(); while(ch < '0' || ch > '9') {if(ch == '-') f = -1; ch = getchar();} while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + ch - '0', ch = getchar(); return x * f; } void write(ll x) { if(x < 0) putchar('-'), x = -x; if(x > 9) write(x / 10); putchar(x % 10 + '0'); } const ll N = 1e6 + 9, Mod = 1e9 + 7; ll n, K, m, f[N], g[N], h[N], sum[N], iK; ll pw(ll x, ll p) { ll res = 1; while(p) { if(p & 1) res = res * x % Mod; x = x * x % Mod, p >>= 1; } return res; } ll calc(ll x, ll y) { if(x == y) return n * pw(x, n - 1) % Mod; return (pw(x, n) - pw(y, n) + Mod) % Mod * pw((x - y + Mod) % Mod, Mod - 2) % Mod; } bool Med; int main() { cerr << fabs(&Med - &Mbe) / 1048576.0 << "MB\n"; n = read(), K = read(), m = read(); f[0] = 1; sum[0] = 1, iK = pw(K, Mod - 2); rep(i, 1, m) { ll l = max(0ll, i - K), r = i - 1; f[i] = (sum[r] - (l ? sum[l - 1] : 0) + Mod) * iK % Mod; sum[i] = (sum[i - 1] + f[i]) % Mod; } rep(i, 0, m - 1) { ll l = m - i, r = K; if(l <= r) h[i] = (r - l + 1) * iK % Mod * f[i] % Mod; } rep(i, 1, m) h[i] = (h[i - 1] + h[i]) % Mod; g[0] = 1; rep(i, 1, m) g[i] = (1 - h[i - 1] + Mod) % Mod; ll ans = 0; rep(i, 0, m - 1) ans = (ans + f[i] * calc(g[i + 1], g[i])) % Mod; write(ans), putchar('\n'); cerr << "\n" << clock() * 1.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC * 1000 << "ms\n"; return 0; } |
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