#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define fwd(i, a, n) for (int i = (a); i < (n); i++)
#define rep(i, n) fwd(i, 0, n)
#define all(X) X.begin(), X.end()
#define sz(X) int(size(X))
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define st first
#define nd second
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
#ifdef LOC
auto SS = signal(6, [](int) {
*(int *)0 = 0;
});
# define DTP(x, y) \
auto operator<<(auto &o, auto a)->decltype(y, o) { \
o << "("; \
x; \
return o << ")"; \
}
DTP(o << a.st << ", " << a.nd, a.nd);
DTP(for (auto i : a) o << i << ", ", all(a));
void dump(auto... x) {
((cerr << x << ", "), ...) << '\n';
}
# define deb(x...) cerr << setw(4) << __LINE__ << ":[" #x "]: ", dump(x)
#else
# define deb(...) 0
#endif
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
ll mod_pow(ll a, ll b) {
ll res = 1;
while (b) {
if (b & 1) {
res = (res * a) % MOD;
}
a = (a * a) % MOD;
b /= 2;
}
return res;
}
ll mod_inv(ll a) {
return mod_pow(a, MOD - 2);
}
int32_t main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
ll n, k, m;
cin >> n >> k >> m;
ll prob_wypadniecia = mod_inv(k);
vector<ll> prob_przebicia(m + 1);
fwd(i, max(0, int(m - k)), m + 1) prob_przebicia[i] =
((i - m + k + 1) * prob_wypadniecia) % MOD;
vector<ll> prob_zahaczenia(m + 1);
{
prob_zahaczenia[0] = 1;
ll suma_ziutkow = 0;
fwd(i, 1, m + 1) {
suma_ziutkow = (suma_ziutkow + prob_zahaczenia[i - 1]) % MOD;
if (i > k) {
suma_ziutkow =
(suma_ziutkow - prob_zahaczenia[i - k - 1] + MOD) % MOD;
}
prob_zahaczenia[i] = (suma_ziutkow * prob_wypadniecia) % MOD;
}
}
vector<ll> dozyje(m + 1);
for (int i = int(m - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
dozyje[i] =
(dozyje[i + 1] + prob_przebicia[i] * prob_zahaczenia[i]) % MOD;
}
ll exp_tot = 0;
rep(i, m) {
if (i < m - k) {
exp_tot = (exp_tot + n * prob_zahaczenia[i]) % MOD;
} else {
ll p_ro =
((mod_pow(dozyje[i], n) - mod_pow(dozyje[i + 1], n) + MOD) *
mod_inv(prob_przebicia[i])) %
MOD;
exp_tot = (exp_tot + p_ro) % MOD;
}
}
cout << exp_tot << "\n";
#ifdef LOCF
cout.flush();
cerr << "- - - - - - - - -\n";
(void)!system(
"grep VmPeak /proc/$PPID/status | sed s/....kB/\' MB\'/1 >&2"); // 4x.kB
// ....kB
#endif
return 0;
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 | #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define fwd(i, a, n) for (int i = (a); i < (n); i++) #define rep(i, n) fwd(i, 0, n) #define all(X) X.begin(), X.end() #define sz(X) int(size(X)) #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define st first #define nd second using pii = pair<int, int>; using vi = vector<int>; using ll = long long; using ld = long double; #ifdef LOC auto SS = signal(6, [](int) { *(int *)0 = 0; }); # define DTP(x, y) \ auto operator<<(auto &o, auto a)->decltype(y, o) { \ o << "("; \ x; \ return o << ")"; \ } DTP(o << a.st << ", " << a.nd, a.nd); DTP(for (auto i : a) o << i << ", ", all(a)); void dump(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << ", "), ...) << '\n'; } # define deb(x...) cerr << setw(4) << __LINE__ << ":[" #x "]: ", dump(x) #else # define deb(...) 0 #endif const int MOD = 1e9 + 7; ll mod_pow(ll a, ll b) { ll res = 1; while (b) { if (b & 1) { res = (res * a) % MOD; } a = (a * a) % MOD; b /= 2; } return res; } ll mod_inv(ll a) { return mod_pow(a, MOD - 2); } int32_t main() { cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); ll n, k, m; cin >> n >> k >> m; ll prob_wypadniecia = mod_inv(k); vector<ll> prob_przebicia(m + 1); fwd(i, max(0, int(m - k)), m + 1) prob_przebicia[i] = ((i - m + k + 1) * prob_wypadniecia) % MOD; vector<ll> prob_zahaczenia(m + 1); { prob_zahaczenia[0] = 1; ll suma_ziutkow = 0; fwd(i, 1, m + 1) { suma_ziutkow = (suma_ziutkow + prob_zahaczenia[i - 1]) % MOD; if (i > k) { suma_ziutkow = (suma_ziutkow - prob_zahaczenia[i - k - 1] + MOD) % MOD; } prob_zahaczenia[i] = (suma_ziutkow * prob_wypadniecia) % MOD; } } vector<ll> dozyje(m + 1); for (int i = int(m - 1); i >= 0; i--) { dozyje[i] = (dozyje[i + 1] + prob_przebicia[i] * prob_zahaczenia[i]) % MOD; } ll exp_tot = 0; rep(i, m) { if (i < m - k) { exp_tot = (exp_tot + n * prob_zahaczenia[i]) % MOD; } else { ll p_ro = ((mod_pow(dozyje[i], n) - mod_pow(dozyje[i + 1], n) + MOD) * mod_inv(prob_przebicia[i])) % MOD; exp_tot = (exp_tot + p_ro) % MOD; } } cout << exp_tot << "\n"; #ifdef LOCF cout.flush(); cerr << "- - - - - - - - -\n"; (void)!system( "grep VmPeak /proc/$PPID/status | sed s/....kB/\' MB\'/1 >&2"); // 4x.kB // ....kB #endif return 0; } |
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