#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define sz(x) int((x).size())
using ll = long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using vi = vector<int>;
#ifdef LOCAL
auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o);
auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.end(), o) {
o << "{";
for (int i = 0; auto y : x) o << ", " + !i++ * 2 << y;
return o << "}"; }
auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o) {
return o << "(" << x.first << ", " << x.second << ")"; }
void __print(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << " "), ...) << endl; }
#define debug(x...) __print("[" #x "]:", x)
#else
#define debug(...) 2137
#endif
template<int M, int R>
struct Mod {
static const int mod = M, rt = R;
int x;
Mod(ll y = 0) : x(y % M) { x += (x < 0) * M; }
Mod& operator+=(Mod o) {
if ((x += o.x) >= M) x -= M;
return *this; }
Mod& operator-=(Mod o) {
if ((x -= o.x) < 0) x += M;
return *this; }
Mod& operator*=(Mod o) {
x = 1ll * x * o.x % M;
return *this; }
Mod& operator/=(Mod o) { return *this *= o.inv(); }
friend Mod operator+(Mod a, Mod b) { return a += b; }
friend Mod operator-(Mod a, Mod b) { return a -= b; }
friend Mod operator*(Mod a, Mod b) { return a *= b; }
friend Mod operator/(Mod a, Mod b) { return a /= b; }
auto operator<=>(const Mod&) const = default;
Mod pow(ll n) const {
Mod a = x, b = 1;
for (; n; n /= 2, a *= a) if (n % 2) b *= a;
return b; }
Mod inv() const { assert(x); return pow(M - 2); }
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Mod x) {
return os << x.x; }
};
using mint = Mod<1000000007, -1>;
int main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
int n, k, m;
cin >> n >> k >> m;
vector<mint> p(m), pre(m);
p[0] = 1;
for(int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
pre[i] = pre[i - 1] + p[i - 1];
p[i] = (pre[i] - pre[max(0, i - k)]) / k;
}
vector<mint> q(m), suf(m + 1);
for(int i = m - 1; i >= max(m - k, 0); i--) {
q[i] = 1 - (m - 1 - i) / mint(k);
suf[i] = suf[i + 1] + q[i] * p[i];
}
mint ans = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < m - k; i++) {
ans += p[i];
}
ans *= n;
for(int i = max(0, m - k); i < m; i++) {
ans += (suf[i].pow(n) - suf[i + 1].pow(n)) / q[i];
}
cout << ans << endl;
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 | #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define all(x) begin(x), end(x) #define sz(x) int((x).size()) using ll = long long; using pii = pair<int, int>; using vi = vector<int>; #ifdef LOCAL auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o); auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.end(), o) { o << "{"; for (int i = 0; auto y : x) o << ", " + !i++ * 2 << y; return o << "}"; } auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o) { return o << "(" << x.first << ", " << x.second << ")"; } void __print(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << " "), ...) << endl; } #define debug(x...) __print("[" #x "]:", x) #else #define debug(...) 2137 #endif template<int M, int R> struct Mod { static const int mod = M, rt = R; int x; Mod(ll y = 0) : x(y % M) { x += (x < 0) * M; } Mod& operator+=(Mod o) { if ((x += o.x) >= M) x -= M; return *this; } Mod& operator-=(Mod o) { if ((x -= o.x) < 0) x += M; return *this; } Mod& operator*=(Mod o) { x = 1ll * x * o.x % M; return *this; } Mod& operator/=(Mod o) { return *this *= o.inv(); } friend Mod operator+(Mod a, Mod b) { return a += b; } friend Mod operator-(Mod a, Mod b) { return a -= b; } friend Mod operator*(Mod a, Mod b) { return a *= b; } friend Mod operator/(Mod a, Mod b) { return a /= b; } auto operator<=>(const Mod&) const = default; Mod pow(ll n) const { Mod a = x, b = 1; for (; n; n /= 2, a *= a) if (n % 2) b *= a; return b; } Mod inv() const { assert(x); return pow(M - 2); } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Mod x) { return os << x.x; } }; using mint = Mod<1000000007, -1>; int main() { cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); int n, k, m; cin >> n >> k >> m; vector<mint> p(m), pre(m); p[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i < m; i++) { pre[i] = pre[i - 1] + p[i - 1]; p[i] = (pre[i] - pre[max(0, i - k)]) / k; } vector<mint> q(m), suf(m + 1); for(int i = m - 1; i >= max(m - k, 0); i--) { q[i] = 1 - (m - 1 - i) / mint(k); suf[i] = suf[i + 1] + q[i] * p[i]; } mint ans = 0; for(int i = 0; i < m - k; i++) { ans += p[i]; } ans *= n; for(int i = max(0, m - k); i < m; i++) { ans += (suf[i].pow(n) - suf[i + 1].pow(n)) / q[i]; } cout << ans << endl; } |
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