#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define sz(x) int((x).size())
using ll = long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using vi = vector<int>;
#ifdef LOCAL
auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o);
auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.end(), o) {
o << "{";
for (int i = 0; auto y : x) o << ", " + !i++ * 2 << y;
return o << "}"; }
auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o) {
return o << "(" << x.first << ", " << x.second << ")"; }
void __print(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << " "), ...) << endl; }
#define debug(x...) __print("[" #x "]:", x)
#else
#define debug(...) 2137
#endif
template<int M, int R>
struct Mod {
static const int mod = M, rt = R;
int x;
Mod(ll y = 0) : x(y % M) { x += (x < 0) * M; }
Mod& operator+=(Mod o) {
if ((x += o.x) >= M) x -= M;
return *this; }
Mod& operator-=(Mod o) {
if ((x -= o.x) < 0) x += M;
return *this; }
Mod& operator*=(Mod o) {
x = 1ll * x * o.x % M;
return *this; }
Mod& operator/=(Mod o) { return *this *= o.inv(); }
friend Mod operator+(Mod a, Mod b) { return a += b; }
friend Mod operator-(Mod a, Mod b) { return a -= b; }
friend Mod operator*(Mod a, Mod b) { return a *= b; }
friend Mod operator/(Mod a, Mod b) { return a /= b; }
auto operator<=>(const Mod&) const = default;
Mod pow(ll n) const {
Mod a = x, b = 1;
for (; n; n /= 2, a *= a) if (n % 2) b *= a;
return b; }
Mod inv() const { assert(x); return pow(M - 2); }
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Mod x) {
return os << x.x; }
};
using mint = Mod<1000000007, 5>;
const int N = 1000100;
int n, m, k;
mint p;
mint f[N], g[N], h[N];
mint policz(int mn) {
mint lew = 0;
lew += g[mn - 1] * max(0,min({m, mn + k, k + 1}) - mn) * p;
int l = max(mn, k + 1);
int r = min(m, mn + k);
if (l < r) {
lew += (r - l) * g[mn - 1] * p;
int l2 = l - 1 - k - 1;
int r2 = r - 1 - k - 1;
lew -= (h[r2] - (l2 >= 0 ? h[l2] : 0)) * p;
}
return lew;
}
int main() {
cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
cin >> n >> k >> m;
p = mint(1) / k;
f[0] = g[0] = h[0] = 1;
rep(i, 1, N) {
f[i] = p * (g[i - 1] - (i > k ? g[i - k - 1] : 0));
g[i] = g[i - 1] + f[i];
h[i] = h[i - 1] + g[i];
}
mint odp = 0;
// min=0
mint pot = 1;
rep(i, 0, n) {
odp += pot;
pot *= min(m - 1, k) * p;
}
debug(odp);
// min>0
rep(mn, 1, m) {
mint lew = policz(mn);
mint pra = policz(mn + 1);
debug(lew, pra);
if (lew != 0 && pra != 0) {
mint lewa = lew.pow(n - 1);
mint iloraz = pra / lew;
if (iloraz != 1) {
mint prawa = (1 - iloraz.pow(n)) / (1 - iloraz);
odp += lewa * prawa * f[mn];
} else {
odp += lewa * n * f[mn];
}
} else if (lew != 0) {
odp += lew.pow(n - 1) * f[mn];
} else if (pra != 0) {
odp += pra.pow(n - 1) * f[mn];
}
}
cout << odp << '\n';
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 | #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; #define rep(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define all(x) begin(x), end(x) #define sz(x) int((x).size()) using ll = long long; using pii = pair<int, int>; using vi = vector<int>; #ifdef LOCAL auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o); auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.end(), o) { o << "{"; for (int i = 0; auto y : x) o << ", " + !i++ * 2 << y; return o << "}"; } auto operator<<(auto& o, auto x) -> decltype(x.first, o) { return o << "(" << x.first << ", " << x.second << ")"; } void __print(auto... x) { ((cerr << x << " "), ...) << endl; } #define debug(x...) __print("[" #x "]:", x) #else #define debug(...) 2137 #endif template<int M, int R> struct Mod { static const int mod = M, rt = R; int x; Mod(ll y = 0) : x(y % M) { x += (x < 0) * M; } Mod& operator+=(Mod o) { if ((x += o.x) >= M) x -= M; return *this; } Mod& operator-=(Mod o) { if ((x -= o.x) < 0) x += M; return *this; } Mod& operator*=(Mod o) { x = 1ll * x * o.x % M; return *this; } Mod& operator/=(Mod o) { return *this *= o.inv(); } friend Mod operator+(Mod a, Mod b) { return a += b; } friend Mod operator-(Mod a, Mod b) { return a -= b; } friend Mod operator*(Mod a, Mod b) { return a *= b; } friend Mod operator/(Mod a, Mod b) { return a /= b; } auto operator<=>(const Mod&) const = default; Mod pow(ll n) const { Mod a = x, b = 1; for (; n; n /= 2, a *= a) if (n % 2) b *= a; return b; } Mod inv() const { assert(x); return pow(M - 2); } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Mod x) { return os << x.x; } }; using mint = Mod<1000000007, 5>; const int N = 1000100; int n, m, k; mint p; mint f[N], g[N], h[N]; mint policz(int mn) { mint lew = 0; lew += g[mn - 1] * max(0,min({m, mn + k, k + 1}) - mn) * p; int l = max(mn, k + 1); int r = min(m, mn + k); if (l < r) { lew += (r - l) * g[mn - 1] * p; int l2 = l - 1 - k - 1; int r2 = r - 1 - k - 1; lew -= (h[r2] - (l2 >= 0 ? h[l2] : 0)) * p; } return lew; } int main() { cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); cin >> n >> k >> m; p = mint(1) / k; f[0] = g[0] = h[0] = 1; rep(i, 1, N) { f[i] = p * (g[i - 1] - (i > k ? g[i - k - 1] : 0)); g[i] = g[i - 1] + f[i]; h[i] = h[i - 1] + g[i]; } mint odp = 0; // min=0 mint pot = 1; rep(i, 0, n) { odp += pot; pot *= min(m - 1, k) * p; } debug(odp); // min>0 rep(mn, 1, m) { mint lew = policz(mn); mint pra = policz(mn + 1); debug(lew, pra); if (lew != 0 && pra != 0) { mint lewa = lew.pow(n - 1); mint iloraz = pra / lew; if (iloraz != 1) { mint prawa = (1 - iloraz.pow(n)) / (1 - iloraz); odp += lewa * prawa * f[mn]; } else { odp += lewa * n * f[mn]; } } else if (lew != 0) { odp += lew.pow(n - 1) * f[mn]; } else if (pra != 0) { odp += pra.pow(n - 1) * f[mn]; } } cout << odp << '\n'; } |
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