#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define FOR(i,p,k) for(int i=(p);i<=(k);++i)
#define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,(n)-1)
#define RFOR(i,p,n) for(int i=(p);i>=(n);--i)
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(),(x).rend()
#define ssize(x) int((x).size())
#define fi first
#define se second
#define V vector
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define C const
#define gc getchar_unlocked
#define pc putchar_unlocked
#define pn putchar_unlocked('\n')
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef __int128_t lll;
typedef V<int> vi;
typedef V<ll> vll;
typedef const int ci;
typedef const ll cll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef pair<ll, int> pli;
typedef pair<int, ll> pil;
void chmin(auto &a, auto b){a=min(a,b);}
void chmax(auto &a, auto b){a=max(a,b);}
ci inf = 2.1e9;
cll infll = 4.5e18;
int I(){
int z;
int c = gc();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') c = gc();
for(z = 0; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = gc()) z = 10*z+c-'0';
return z;
}
void O(int a){
static int tab[20];
int it = 0;
do{
tab[it++] = int('0'+a%10);
} while(a /= 10);
while(it) pc(tab[--it]);
}
ci mod = int(1e9)+7;
int add(ci a, ci b){
return a+b<mod ? a+b : a+b-mod;
}
int sub(ci a, ci b){
return a<b ? a-b+mod : a-b;
}
int mul(ci a, ci b){
return int(ll(a)*b%mod);
}
int pot(int a, int b = mod-2){
int ret = 1;
for(; b; b /= 2, a = mul(a, a)) if(b&1) ret = mul(ret, a);
return ret;
}
int gownogowno(ci a, ci b, ci n){
if(a == b) return mul(n, pot(a, n-1));
ci licz = sub(pot(a, n), pot(b, n));
ci mian = sub(a, b);
return mul(licz, pot(mian));
}
ci odw2 = pot(2);
int po2(ci n){
return mul(mul(n, n-1), odw2);
}
int gownogownolin(ci a, ci b, ci n){
if(n == 1) return 0;
if(a == 0) return pot(b, n-2);
if(a == b) return mul(po2(n), pot(a, n-2));
ci licz = add(sub(mul(n-1, pot(a, n+1)), mul(mul(b, n), pot(a, n))), mul(a, pot(b, n)));
ci mian = mul(a, pot(sub(a, b), 2));
return mul(licz, pot(mian));
}
void answer(){
ci n = I();
ci k = I();
ci m = I();
ci odwk = pot(k);
vi odw(m, 0), pref_odw(m+1, 0);
REP(i, m){
if(i) odw[i] = mul(sub(pref_odw[i], pref_odw[max(0, i-k)]), odwk);
else odw[i] = 1;
pref_odw[i+1] = add(pref_odw[i], odw[i]);
}
vi s(m);
REP(i, m) s[i] = mul(max(k-m+i+1, 0), odwk);
vi r(m, 0), pref_r(m+1, 0);
REP(i, m){
if(i) r[i] = add(odw[i], mul(sub(pref_r[i], pref_r[max(0, i-k)]), odwk));
else r[i] = 0;
pref_r[i+1] = add(pref_r[i], r[i]);
}
vi conaj_s(m+1, 0);
RFOR(i, m-1, 0) conaj_s[i] = add(conaj_s[i+1], mul(s[i], odw[i]));
vi dupa(m);
REP(i, m) dupa[i] = add(r[i], odw[i]);
vi pref_dupa(m+1, 0);
REP(i, m) pref_dupa[i+1] = add(pref_dupa[i], dupa[i]);
vi conaj_xd(m+1, 0);
FOR(i, 1, m){
conaj_xd[i] = add(conaj_xd[i-1], mul(dupa[i-1], min(k, m-i)));
conaj_xd[i] = sub(conaj_xd[i], sub(pref_dupa[i-1], pref_dupa[max(0, i-1-k)]));
}
FOR(i, 1, m) conaj_xd[i] = mul(conaj_xd[i], odwk);
int wyn = 0;
REP(i, m){
int tmp = 0;
tmp = add(tmp, mul(dupa[i], gownogowno(conaj_s[i], conaj_s[i+1], n)));
tmp = add(tmp, mul(mul(conaj_xd[i+1], odw[i]), gownogownolin(conaj_s[i+1], conaj_s[i], n)));
tmp = add(tmp, mul(mul(conaj_xd[i], odw[i]), gownogownolin(conaj_s[i], conaj_s[i+1], n)));
wyn = add(wyn, mul(tmp, s[i]));
}
O(wyn), pn;
}
int main(){
int tt = 1;
while(tt--) answer();
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 | #include <bits/stdc++.h> #define FOR(i,p,k) for(int i=(p);i<=(k);++i) #define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,(n)-1) #define RFOR(i,p,n) for(int i=(p);i>=(n);--i) #define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end() #define rall(x) (x).rbegin(),(x).rend() #define ssize(x) int((x).size()) #define fi first #define se second #define V vector #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define C const #define gc getchar_unlocked #define pc putchar_unlocked #define pn putchar_unlocked('\n') using namespace std; typedef long long ll; typedef __int128_t lll; typedef V<int> vi; typedef V<ll> vll; typedef const int ci; typedef const ll cll; typedef pair<int, int> pii; typedef pair<ll, ll> pll; typedef pair<ll, int> pli; typedef pair<int, ll> pil; void chmin(auto &a, auto b){a=min(a,b);} void chmax(auto &a, auto b){a=max(a,b);} ci inf = 2.1e9; cll infll = 4.5e18; int I(){ int z; int c = gc(); while(c < '0' || c > '9') c = gc(); for(z = 0; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = gc()) z = 10*z+c-'0'; return z; } void O(int a){ static int tab[20]; int it = 0; do{ tab[it++] = int('0'+a%10); } while(a /= 10); while(it) pc(tab[--it]); } ci mod = int(1e9)+7; int add(ci a, ci b){ return a+b<mod ? a+b : a+b-mod; } int sub(ci a, ci b){ return a<b ? a-b+mod : a-b; } int mul(ci a, ci b){ return int(ll(a)*b%mod); } int pot(int a, int b = mod-2){ int ret = 1; for(; b; b /= 2, a = mul(a, a)) if(b&1) ret = mul(ret, a); return ret; } int gownogowno(ci a, ci b, ci n){ if(a == b) return mul(n, pot(a, n-1)); ci licz = sub(pot(a, n), pot(b, n)); ci mian = sub(a, b); return mul(licz, pot(mian)); } ci odw2 = pot(2); int po2(ci n){ return mul(mul(n, n-1), odw2); } int gownogownolin(ci a, ci b, ci n){ if(n == 1) return 0; if(a == 0) return pot(b, n-2); if(a == b) return mul(po2(n), pot(a, n-2)); ci licz = add(sub(mul(n-1, pot(a, n+1)), mul(mul(b, n), pot(a, n))), mul(a, pot(b, n))); ci mian = mul(a, pot(sub(a, b), 2)); return mul(licz, pot(mian)); } void answer(){ ci n = I(); ci k = I(); ci m = I(); ci odwk = pot(k); vi odw(m, 0), pref_odw(m+1, 0); REP(i, m){ if(i) odw[i] = mul(sub(pref_odw[i], pref_odw[max(0, i-k)]), odwk); else odw[i] = 1; pref_odw[i+1] = add(pref_odw[i], odw[i]); } vi s(m); REP(i, m) s[i] = mul(max(k-m+i+1, 0), odwk); vi r(m, 0), pref_r(m+1, 0); REP(i, m){ if(i) r[i] = add(odw[i], mul(sub(pref_r[i], pref_r[max(0, i-k)]), odwk)); else r[i] = 0; pref_r[i+1] = add(pref_r[i], r[i]); } vi conaj_s(m+1, 0); RFOR(i, m-1, 0) conaj_s[i] = add(conaj_s[i+1], mul(s[i], odw[i])); vi dupa(m); REP(i, m) dupa[i] = add(r[i], odw[i]); vi pref_dupa(m+1, 0); REP(i, m) pref_dupa[i+1] = add(pref_dupa[i], dupa[i]); vi conaj_xd(m+1, 0); FOR(i, 1, m){ conaj_xd[i] = add(conaj_xd[i-1], mul(dupa[i-1], min(k, m-i))); conaj_xd[i] = sub(conaj_xd[i], sub(pref_dupa[i-1], pref_dupa[max(0, i-1-k)])); } FOR(i, 1, m) conaj_xd[i] = mul(conaj_xd[i], odwk); int wyn = 0; REP(i, m){ int tmp = 0; tmp = add(tmp, mul(dupa[i], gownogowno(conaj_s[i], conaj_s[i+1], n))); tmp = add(tmp, mul(mul(conaj_xd[i+1], odw[i]), gownogownolin(conaj_s[i+1], conaj_s[i], n))); tmp = add(tmp, mul(mul(conaj_xd[i], odw[i]), gownogownolin(conaj_s[i], conaj_s[i+1], n))); wyn = add(wyn, mul(tmp, s[i])); } O(wyn), pn; } int main(){ int tt = 1; while(tt--) answer(); } |
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