#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void backtrack(long long mask, int n, vector <vector<int>> &g, int nextLabel, vector <int> &label, vector <int> &seq, vector <int> &seqBest) {
if (!seqBest.empty() && seq > seqBest) {
return ;
}
if (__builtin_popcountll(mask) <= 2) {
seqBest = seq;
return ;
}
vector <int> labeled;
auto addToSeq = [&](int v) {
if (label[v] == -1) {
labeled.push_back(v);
label[v] = nextLabel++;
}
seq.push_back(label[v]);
};
auto revert = [&]() {
for (int v : labeled) {
label[v] = -1;
nextLabel--;
}
labeled.clear();
};
long long maskLeaf = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (mask & (1LL << i)) {
bool leaf = true;
int neigh = -1;
for (int j : g[i]) if (mask & (1LL << j)) {
if (neigh == -1) {
neigh = j;
} else {
leaf = false;
break;
}
}
if (leaf) {
maskLeaf ^= 1LL << i;
if (label[i] != -1) {
addToSeq(neigh);
backtrack(mask ^ (1LL << i), n, g, nextLabel, label, seq, seqBest);
revert();
seq.pop_back();
return ;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (maskLeaf & (1LL << i)) {
int neigh = -1;
for (int j : g[i]) if (mask & (1LL << j)) {
neigh = j;
}
long long maskNext = mask, origLen = seq.size();
for (int j : g[neigh]) if (maskLeaf & (1LL << j)) {
maskNext ^= 1LL << j;
addToSeq(neigh);
}
backtrack(maskNext, n, g, nextLabel, label, seq, seqBest);
revert();
seq.resize(origLen);
}
}
vector <int> solve(int n, vector <vector<int>> &g) {
vector <int> label(n, -1), seq, seqBest;
backtrack((1LL << n) - 1, n, g, 0, label, seq, seqBest);
seqBest.resize(n - 2);
return seqBest;
}
int main() {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
int t;
cin >> t;
while (t--) {
int n;
cin >> n;
vector <vector<int>> g(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int u, v;
cin >> u >> v; u--; v--;
g[u].push_back(v);
g[v].push_back(u);
}
auto seq = solve(n, g);
for (int x : seq) {
cout << x + 1 << ' ';
}
cout << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 | #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void backtrack(long long mask, int n, vector <vector<int>> &g, int nextLabel, vector <int> &label, vector <int> &seq, vector <int> &seqBest) { if (!seqBest.empty() && seq > seqBest) { return ; } if (__builtin_popcountll(mask) <= 2) { seqBest = seq; return ; } vector <int> labeled; auto addToSeq = [&](int v) { if (label[v] == -1) { labeled.push_back(v); label[v] = nextLabel++; } seq.push_back(label[v]); }; auto revert = [&]() { for (int v : labeled) { label[v] = -1; nextLabel--; } labeled.clear(); }; long long maskLeaf = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (mask & (1LL << i)) { bool leaf = true; int neigh = -1; for (int j : g[i]) if (mask & (1LL << j)) { if (neigh == -1) { neigh = j; } else { leaf = false; break; } } if (leaf) { maskLeaf ^= 1LL << i; if (label[i] != -1) { addToSeq(neigh); backtrack(mask ^ (1LL << i), n, g, nextLabel, label, seq, seqBest); revert(); seq.pop_back(); return ; } } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (maskLeaf & (1LL << i)) { int neigh = -1; for (int j : g[i]) if (mask & (1LL << j)) { neigh = j; } long long maskNext = mask, origLen = seq.size(); for (int j : g[neigh]) if (maskLeaf & (1LL << j)) { maskNext ^= 1LL << j; addToSeq(neigh); } backtrack(maskNext, n, g, nextLabel, label, seq, seqBest); revert(); seq.resize(origLen); } } vector <int> solve(int n, vector <vector<int>> &g) { vector <int> label(n, -1), seq, seqBest; backtrack((1LL << n) - 1, n, g, 0, label, seq, seqBest); seqBest.resize(n - 2); return seqBest; } int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { int n; cin >> n; vector <vector<int>> g(n); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; g[u].push_back(v); g[v].push_back(u); } auto seq = solve(n, g); for (int x : seq) { cout << x + 1 << ' '; } cout << '\n'; } return 0; } |
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