1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <memory>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

struct Problem
{
  Problem(int n, int m) : n_(n), m_(m), adj_(n), revAdj_(n), removed_(n), d_(n,-1), size_(n,1), parent_(n,-1) {}
  
  void addEdge(int u, int v) { adj_[u].push_back(v); revAdj_[v].push_back(u); }
  unique_ptr<vector<int>> solve();
  void removeDeg0s(const vector<vector<int>>& adj);
  bool checkAllReachable(int root, const vector<vector<int>>& adj);
  void dfs(int v, int& preNr);
  inline bool isPred(int u, int v) { return d_[v] >= d_[u] && d_[v] < d_[u] + size_[u]; }
  pair<int,int> intersectBackEdges(int v);
  void convertToForwardEdges(int v, set<pair<int,int>>& ends);
  vector<int> removeForwardEdges(int root, int low, int high);
  bool isAcyclic(int vertexToRemove);
  
  int n_, m_;
  vector<vector<int>> adj_, revAdj_;
  vector<bool> removed_;
  vector<int> d_, size_, parent_;
};

unique_ptr<vector<int>> Problem::solve()
{
  removeDeg0s(adj_);
  removeDeg0s(revAdj_);
  int root = -1;
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    if (!removed_[v])
    {
      root = v;
      break;
    }
  if (root == -1)
    return nullptr;
  if (!checkAllReachable(root,adj_) || !checkAllReachable(root,revAdj_))
    return unique_ptr<vector<int>>(new vector<int>());
  int preNr = 0;
  dfs(root,preNr);
  int low,high;
  tie(low,high) = intersectBackEdges(root);
  if (low == -1)
    return unique_ptr<vector<int>>(new vector<int>());
  set<pair<int,int>> ends;
  convertToForwardEdges(root,ends);
  vector<int> toTest = removeForwardEdges(root,low,high);
  if (toTest.empty())
    return unique_ptr<vector<int>>(new vector<int>());
  unique_ptr<vector<int>> result(new vector<int>());
  if (toTest.back() == low)
  {
    if (isAcyclic(low))
      result->push_back(low);
    toTest.pop_back();
  }
  int ix1 = 0;
  int ix2 = (int)toTest.size();
  while (ix1 < ix2)
  {
    int ix = (ix1+ix2)/2;
    if (isAcyclic(toTest[ix]))
      ix1 = ix+1;
    else
      ix2 = ix;
  }
  for (int i=0; i<ix1; ++i)
    result->push_back(toTest[i]);
  sort(result->begin(), result->end());
  return result;
}

void Problem::removeDeg0s(const vector<vector<int>>& adj)
{
  vector<int> deg(n_);
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    for (int u : adj[v])
      ++deg[u];
  queue<int> q;
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    if (deg[v] == 0)
      q.push(v);
  while (!q.empty())
  {
    int v = q.front();
    q.pop();
    removed_[v] = true;
    for (int u : adj[v])
      if (--deg[u] == 0)
        q.push(u);
  }
}

bool Problem::checkAllReachable(int root, const vector<vector<int>>& adj)
{
  queue<int> q;
  q.push(root);
  vector<bool> visited(n_);
  visited[root] = true;
  while (!q.empty())
  {
    int v = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for (int u : adj[v])
      if (!removed_[u] && !visited[u])
      {
        q.push(u);
        visited[u] = true;
      }
  }
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    if (!removed_[v] && !visited[v])
      return false;
  return true;
}

void Problem::dfs(int v, int& preNr)
{
  d_[v] = preNr++;
  for (int u : adj_[v])
    if (!removed_[u] && d_[u] == -1)
    {
      parent_[u] = v;
      dfs(u,preNr);
      size_[v] += size_[u];
    }
}

pair<int,int> Problem::intersectBackEdges(int v)
{
  pair<int,int> p{-2,-2};
  for (int u : adj_[v])
  {
    if (removed_[u])
      continue;
    pair<int,int> q;
    if (v == parent_[u])
    {
      q = intersectBackEdges(u);
      if (q.first == -2)
        continue;
      if (q.first == -1)
        return {-1,-1};
    }
    else if (isPred(u,v))
      q = {v,u};
    else
      continue;
    if (p.first == -2)
      p = q;
    else if (d_[q.second] > d_[v])
      return {-1,-1};
    else
    {
      p.first = v;
      if (d_[q.second] > d_[p.second])
        p.second = q.second;
    }
  }
  return p;
}

void Problem::convertToForwardEdges(int v, set<pair<int,int>>& ends)
{
  for (int u : adj_[v])
    if (!removed_[u] && v == parent_[u])
      convertToForwardEdges(u, ends);
  while (!ends.empty())
  {
    int u = prev(ends.end())->second;
    if (d_[u] < d_[v])
      break;
    addEdge(v,u);
    ends.erase(prev(ends.end()));
  }
  for (int u : adj_[v])
    if (!removed_[u] && d_[u] < d_[v] && !isPred(u,v))
      ends.insert({d_[u],u});
}

vector<int> Problem::removeForwardEdges(int root, int low, int high)
{
  bool inside = false;
  int v = root;
  int fw = 0;
  vector<int> result;
  while (1)
  {
    if (v == high)
      inside = true;
    for (int u : revAdj_[v])
      if (!removed_[u] && d_[u] < d_[v] && u != parent_[v])
        --fw;
    if (inside && fw == 0)
      result.push_back(v);
    if (v == low)
      break;      
    int w = -1;
    for (int u : adj_[v])
      if (!removed_[u] && d_[u] > d_[v])
      {
        if (w == -1)
          w = u;
        else if (v != parent_[u] && (isPred(low,u) || isPred(u,low)))
          ++fw;
      }
    v = w;
  }
  return result;
}

bool Problem::isAcyclic(int vertexToRemove)
{
  vector<int> deg(n_);
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    if (!removed_[v] && v != vertexToRemove)
      for (int u : adj_[v])
        if (!removed_[u] && u != vertexToRemove)
          ++deg[u];
  queue<int> q;          
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    if (!removed_[v] && v != vertexToRemove && deg[v] == 0)
      q.push(v);
  while (!q.empty())
  {
    int v = q.front();
    q.pop();
    for (int u : adj_[v])
      if (!removed_[u] && u != vertexToRemove && --deg[u] == 0)
        q.push(u);
  }
  for (int v=0; v<n_; ++v)
    if (!removed_[v] && v != vertexToRemove && deg[v] != 0)
      return false;
  return true;
}

int main()
{
  int n,m;
  scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
  Problem p(n,m);
  for (int i=0; i<m; ++i)
  {
    int u,v;
    scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
    p.addEdge(u-1,v-1);
  }
  auto r = p.solve();
  if (r)
  {
    printf("%d\n", (int)r->size());
    for (int x : *r)
      printf("%d ", x+1);
    printf("\n");
  }
  else
    printf("NIE\n");
}