//============================================================================ // Name : .cpp // Author : Grzegorz Gajoch // Description : //============================================================================ #include <cstdio> #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <cmath> #include <ctime> #include <ctype.h> #include <algorithm> #include <string> #include <string.h> #include <cstring> #include <vector> #include <stack> #include <queue> #include <map> #include <set> #include <list> using namespace std; #define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i = a; i <= b; ++i) #define FORD(i,a,b) for(int i = a; i >= b; --i) #define REP(x, n) for(int x=0; x < (n); ++x) #define VAR(v,i) __typeof(i) v=(i) #define FOREACH(i,c) for(VAR(i,(c).begin());i!=(c).end();++i) #define SIZE(n) (int)n.size() #define ALL(c) c.begin(),c.end() #define PB(n) push_back(n) typedef long long LL; typedef pair<int, int> PII; typedef vector<int> VI; typedef vector<vector<int> > VVI; typedef vector<bool> VB; #define MP make_pair #define ST first #define ND second const int INF = 1000000001; //#undef DEBUG #ifdef DEBUG #define debug printf #else #define debug // #endif struct Node { int number; int visited; bool existing; vector< Node * > neighbours; Node() { this->number = -1; this->visited = false; this->neighbours.clear(); } }; int V, E; vector< Node > G; void read() { scanf("%d %d", &V, &E); Node dummy; dummy.visited = 0; dummy.existing = true; G.push_back(dummy); FOR(i, 1, V) { dummy.number = i; G.push_back(dummy); } int a, b; REP(i, E) { scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); G[a].neighbours.push_back(&G[b]); } } bool dfs(Node * node) { //true if cycle exist debug("dfs node %d\n",node->number); node->visited = 1; FOREACH(it, node->neighbours) { debug("neigh %d\n",(*it)->number); if( (*it)->existing ) { bool cyc = false; if ((*it)->visited == 1) { debug("cycle in %d\n", (*it)->number); return true; } if ((*it)->visited == 0) { if (dfs(*it)) return true; } } } node->visited = 2; return false; } void clean() { FOR(i, 1, V) { G[i].visited = false; } } bool do_dfs_all() { clean(); bool res = false; FOR(i, 1, V) { if( G[i].existing ) { if( dfs(&G[i]) ) { res = true; return true; //cycle exists } } } return false; } vector<int> nodes_out; int main(int argc, char **argv) { read(); if( do_dfs_all() ) { debug("cycle exists\n"); } else { printf("NIE\n"); return 0; } FOR(i, 1, V) { debug("\n\n"); debug("removing %d!\n", i); G[i].existing = false; if( do_dfs_all() ) { debug("%d: cycle exists\n", i); } else { nodes_out.push_back(i); } G[i].existing = true; } printf("%d\n",nodes_out.size()); if( nodes_out.size() > 0 ) { FOREACH(it, nodes_out) { printf("%d ", *it); } printf("\n"); } return 0; }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 | //============================================================================ // Name : .cpp // Author : Grzegorz Gajoch // Description : //============================================================================ #include <cstdio> #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <cmath> #include <ctime> #include <ctype.h> #include <algorithm> #include <string> #include <string.h> #include <cstring> #include <vector> #include <stack> #include <queue> #include <map> #include <set> #include <list> using namespace std; #define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i = a; i <= b; ++i) #define FORD(i,a,b) for(int i = a; i >= b; --i) #define REP(x, n) for(int x=0; x < (n); ++x) #define VAR(v,i) __typeof(i) v=(i) #define FOREACH(i,c) for(VAR(i,(c).begin());i!=(c).end();++i) #define SIZE(n) (int)n.size() #define ALL(c) c.begin(),c.end() #define PB(n) push_back(n) typedef long long LL; typedef pair<int, int> PII; typedef vector<int> VI; typedef vector<vector<int> > VVI; typedef vector<bool> VB; #define MP make_pair #define ST first #define ND second const int INF = 1000000001; //#undef DEBUG #ifdef DEBUG #define debug printf #else #define debug // #endif struct Node { int number; int visited; bool existing; vector< Node * > neighbours; Node() { this->number = -1; this->visited = false; this->neighbours.clear(); } }; int V, E; vector< Node > G; void read() { scanf("%d %d", &V, &E); Node dummy; dummy.visited = 0; dummy.existing = true; G.push_back(dummy); FOR(i, 1, V) { dummy.number = i; G.push_back(dummy); } int a, b; REP(i, E) { scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); G[a].neighbours.push_back(&G[b]); } } bool dfs(Node * node) { //true if cycle exist debug("dfs node %d\n",node->number); node->visited = 1; FOREACH(it, node->neighbours) { debug("neigh %d\n",(*it)->number); if( (*it)->existing ) { bool cyc = false; if ((*it)->visited == 1) { debug("cycle in %d\n", (*it)->number); return true; } if ((*it)->visited == 0) { if (dfs(*it)) return true; } } } node->visited = 2; return false; } void clean() { FOR(i, 1, V) { G[i].visited = false; } } bool do_dfs_all() { clean(); bool res = false; FOR(i, 1, V) { if( G[i].existing ) { if( dfs(&G[i]) ) { res = true; return true; //cycle exists } } } return false; } vector<int> nodes_out; int main(int argc, char **argv) { read(); if( do_dfs_all() ) { debug("cycle exists\n"); } else { printf("NIE\n"); return 0; } FOR(i, 1, V) { debug("\n\n"); debug("removing %d!\n", i); G[i].existing = false; if( do_dfs_all() ) { debug("%d: cycle exists\n", i); } else { nodes_out.push_back(i); } G[i].existing = true; } printf("%d\n",nodes_out.size()); if( nodes_out.size() > 0 ) { FOREACH(it, nodes_out) { printf("%d ", *it); } printf("\n"); } return 0; } |