1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int bits(long n) {
    int b{};
    while (n > 0) {
        if (n & 1) {
            b++;
        }
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return b;
}

int main() {
    long n;
    long k{};
    string line{};

    cin >> n;

    while (n > 0) {
        k++;
        n -= bits(k);
    }

    line.append(to_string(k));

    for (long i=k-1; i>0; i--) {
        if (n < 0 && -n >= bits(i)) {
            n += bits(i);
            k--;
        } else {
            line.append(" " + to_string(i));
        }
    }

    cout << k << endl;
    cout << line << endl;
    return 0;
}