// Generated by include.py // Jakub Staroń, 2016 // For more info see https://github.com/staronj/ProgrammingContestsLibrary // Jakub Staroń, 2016 // Jakub Staroń, 2016 #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <iterator> #include <type_traits> #include <algorithm> #include <memory> #include <utility> #include <functional> #include <bitset> #include <vector> #include <array> #include <list> #include <deque> #include <queue> #include <set> #include <map> #include <unordered_set> #include <unordered_map> #include <cinttypes> #include <ctime> #include <cctype> #include <cstring> #include <random> #include <cassert> namespace lib { using int8 = std::int8_t; using uint8 = std::uint8_t; using int16 = std::int16_t; using uint16 = std::uint16_t; using int32 = std::int32_t; using uint32 = std::uint32_t; using int64 = std::int64_t; using uint64 = std::uint64_t; /** * Random number generator. Returns 32 bits numbers. * * You should prefer this random number generator over * C's rand(), because rand() max range is not strictly * defined and can be supringsly small (like 10000). */ std::knuth_b Random(time(0)); /** * 32 bits random generator. */ uint32 Random32() { return Random(); } /** * 64 bits random generator. */ uint64 Random64() { return uint64(Random32()) << 32 | uint64(Random32()); } #ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__ #define HAVE_INT128_TYPES #endif #define USE_INT128_TYPES_IF_AVAILABLE 0 #if defined(HAVE_INT128_TYPES) && USE_INT128_TYPES_IF_AVAILABLE #define USE_INT128_TYPES #endif #ifdef USE_INT128_TYPES using int128 = __int128; using uint128 = unsigned __int128; #endif using bit_vector = std::vector<bool>; using char_pair = std::pair<char, char>; using bool_pair = std::pair<bool, bool>; using int32_pair = std::pair<int32, int32>; using uint32_pair = std::pair<uint32, uint32>; using int64_pair = std::pair<int64, int64>; using uint64_pair = std::pair<uint64, uint64>; } // namespace lib // Jakub Staroń, 2016 // Jakub Staroń, 2016 namespace lib { // post-incrementation -> pre-incrementation template <typename T> inline T operator++(T& obj, int) { T temp = obj; ++obj; return temp; } // post-decrementation -> pre-decrementation template <typename T> inline T operator--(T& obj, int) { T temp = obj; --obj; return temp; } // obj += n -> obj + n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator+=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj + n; return obj; } // obj1 += obj2 -> obj1 + obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator+=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 + obj2; return obj1; } // obj -= n -> obj - n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator-=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj - n; return obj; } // obj1 -= obj2 -> obj1 - obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator-=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 - obj2; return obj1; } // obj *= n -> obj * n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator*=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj * n; return obj; } // obj1 *= obj2 -> obj1 * obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator*=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 * obj2; return obj1; } // obj %= n -> obj % n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator%=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj % n; return obj; } // obj1 %= obj2 -> obj1 % obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator%=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 % obj2; return obj1; } // n + obj -> obj + n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T>::type operator+(Integral n, const T& obj) { return obj + n; } // n * obj -> obj * n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T>::type operator*(Integral n, const T& obj) { return obj * n; } // obj - n -> obj + (-n) template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_signed<Integral>::value, T>::type operator-(const T& obj, Integral n) { return obj + (-n); } // obj -= n -> obj += (-n) template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_signed<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator-=(const T& obj, Integral n) { return obj += (-n); } // lhs > rhs -> rhs < lhs template <typename T> inline bool operator>(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return rhs < lhs; } // lhs <= rhs -> !(rhs < lhs) template <typename T> inline bool operator<=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !(rhs < lhs); } // lhs >= rhs -> !(rhs < lhs) template <typename T> inline bool operator>=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return rhs <= lhs; } // lhs >= rhs -> !(rhs < lhs) template <typename T> inline bool operator!=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !(lhs == rhs); } // + for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator+(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first + rhs.first, lhs.second + rhs.second); } // - for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator-(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first - rhs.first, lhs.second - rhs.second); } // % for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator%(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first % rhs.first, lhs.second % rhs.second); } // * for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator*(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first * rhs.first, lhs.second * rhs.second); } // % for (pair, Integral) template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2, typename Integral3> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator%(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const Integral3& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first % rhs, lhs.second % rhs); } // * for (pair, Integral) template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2, typename Integral3> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator*(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const Integral3& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first * rhs, lhs.second * rhs); } } // namespace lib namespace lib { /** * type_traits-like predicate. Equal to true_type if argument is iterator. * * Example: * <pre> * static_assert(is_iterator<std::vector<int>::iterator>::value, "vector iterator is not iterator! help!"); * </pre> */ template<typename Iterator> struct is_iterator { private: template<typename I> static constexpr auto test(int) -> decltype( *std::declval<const I>(), std::declval<const I>() == std::declval<const I>(), std::declval<const I>() != std::declval<const I>(), ++ std::declval<I&>(), std::declval<I&>() ++, std::iterator_traits<I>(), bool()) { return std::is_destructible<I>::value; } template<typename I> static constexpr bool test(...) { return false; } public: static constexpr bool value = test<Iterator>(0); }; /** * type_traits-like predicate. Equal to true_type if argument is iteratorable. * * Example: * <pre> * static_assert(is_iteratorable<std::vector<int>>::value, "vector should be iterable!"); * </pre> */ template<typename T> struct is_iterable { template <typename C> using begin_t = decltype(std::begin(std::declval<C&>())); template <typename C> using end_t = decltype(std::end(std::declval<C&>())); template<typename I> static constexpr auto test(int) -> decltype( std::declval<begin_t<I>>(), std::declval<end_t<I>>(), bool()) { return std::is_same<begin_t<I>, end_t<I>>::value && is_iterator<begin_t<I>>::value; } template<typename I> static constexpr bool test(...) { return false; } public: static constexpr bool value = test<T>(0); }; /** * Random access iterator for iterating over integral type. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(counting_iterator<int>(0), counting_iterator<int>(5)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} */ template <typename Integral> class counting_iterator { public: static_assert(std::is_integral<Integral>::value, "counting_iterator's template argument should be integral"); using self_type = counting_iterator; using value_type = Integral; using reference = const value_type&; using pointer = const value_type*; using difference_type = typename std::make_signed<Integral>::type; using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag; counting_iterator(): value_() { } explicit counting_iterator(Integral n): value_(n) { } reference operator*() const { return value_; } self_type& operator++() { ++value_; return *this; } self_type& operator--() { --value_; return *this; } self_type& operator+=(difference_type n) { value_ += n; return *this; } friend self_type operator+(const self_type& obj, difference_type n) { return self_type(obj.value_ + n); } friend difference_type operator-(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ - rhs.value_; } value_type operator[](difference_type n) { return value_type(value_ + n); } friend bool operator<(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ < rhs.value_; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ == rhs.value_; } private: Integral value_; }; /** * Helper function for building counting_iterator. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(make_counting_iterator(0), make_counting_iterator(5)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} */ template <typename Integral> auto make_counting_iterator(Integral n) -> counting_iterator<Integral> { return counting_iterator<Integral>(n); } /** * Random access iterator for iterating over integral type in reversed order. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(reverse_counting_iterator<int>(4), reverse_counting_iterator<int>(-1)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {4, 3, 2, 1, 0} */ template <typename Integral> class reverse_counting_iterator { public: static_assert(std::is_integral<Integral>::value, "reverse_counting_iterator's template argument should be integral"); using self_type = reverse_counting_iterator; using value_type = Integral; using reference = const value_type&; using pointer = const value_type*; using difference_type = typename std::make_signed<Integral>::type; using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag; reverse_counting_iterator(): value_() { } explicit reverse_counting_iterator(Integral n): value_(n) { } reference operator*() const { return value_; } self_type& operator++() { --value_; return *this; } self_type& operator--() { ++value_; return *this; } self_type& operator+=(difference_type n) { value_ -= n; return *this; } friend self_type operator+(const self_type& obj, difference_type n) { return self_type(obj.value_ - n); } friend difference_type operator-(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return rhs.value_ - lhs.value_; } value_type operator[](difference_type n) { return value_type(value_ - n); } friend bool operator<(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return rhs.value_ < lhs.value_; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ == rhs.value_; } private: Integral value_; }; /** * Helper function for building reverse_counting_iterator. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(make_reverse_counting_iterator(4), make_reverse_counting_iterator(-1)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {4, 3, 2, 1, 0} */ template <typename Integral> auto make_reverse_counting_iterator(Integral n) -> reverse_counting_iterator<Integral> { return reverse_counting_iterator<Integral>(n); } /** * Helper class for encapsulating iterator pair as iterable. * * Example: * <pre> * void foo(Iterator begin, Iterator end) { * for (const auto& elem: iterator_range<Iterator>(begin, end)) { * ... * } * } * </pre> */ template <typename Iterator> class iterator_range { public: using iterator_type = Iterator; using reference = const Iterator&; static_assert(is_iterator<Iterator>::value, "iterator_range's template argument should be iterator!"); explicit iterator_range(Iterator begin, Iterator end): begin_(std::move(begin)), end_(std::move(end)) { } reference begin() const { return begin_; } reference end() const { return end_; } private: iterator_type begin_; iterator_type end_; }; /** * Helper function for encapsulating iterator pair as iterable. * * Example: * <pre> * void foo(Iterator begin, Iterator end) { * for (const auto& elem: make_range(begin, end)) { * ... * } * } * </pre> */ template <typename Iterator> auto make_range(Iterator begin, Iterator end) -> iterator_range<Iterator> { return iterator_range<Iterator>(std::move(begin), std::move(end)); } /** * Python-like range function. * * Example: * <pre> * for (auto i: range(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints: 0 1 2 3 4 * * You can also explicitly specify the type: * <pre> * for (auto i: range<uint32>(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> */ template <typename Integral> auto range(Integral begin, Integral end) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, iterator_range<counting_iterator<Integral>>>::type { return make_range(make_counting_iterator(begin), make_counting_iterator(end)); } /** * Python-like function for iterating over reversed range. * * Example: * <pre> * for (auto i: rrange(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints: 4 3 2 1 0 * * You can also explicitly specify the type: * <pre> * for (auto i: rrange<uint32>(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> */ template <typename Integral> auto rrange(Integral begin, Integral end) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, iterator_range<reverse_counting_iterator<Integral>>>::type { return make_range(make_reverse_counting_iterator(end - 1), make_reverse_counting_iterator(begin - 1)); } /** * Iterator performing transformation on values. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3}; * using iterator = std::vector<int>::iterator; * using mapping_it = mapping_iterator<iterator, std::function<int(int)>>; * mapping_it it(v.begin(), [](int n) { return 2*n; }); * mapping_it end(v.end()); * * for (const auto& elem: make_range(it, end)) { * std::cout << elem << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints 2 4 6 */ template <typename Iterator, typename Mapper> class mapping_iterator { public: using self_type = mapping_iterator; using underlying_value_type = decltype(*std::declval<Iterator>()); using value_type = decltype(std::declval<Mapper>()(std::declval<underlying_value_type>())); using reference = value_type; using pointer = typename std::remove_reference<value_type>::type*; using difference_type = typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::difference_type; using iterator_category = typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category; mapping_iterator(const Mapper& mapper = Mapper()): iterator_(), mapper_(mapper) { } explicit mapping_iterator(Iterator iterator, const Mapper& mapper = Mapper()): iterator_(iterator), mapper_(mapper) { } reference operator*() const { return mapper_(*iterator_); } self_type& operator++() { ++iterator_; return *this; } self_type& operator--() { --iterator_; return *this; } self_type& operator+=(difference_type n) { iterator_ += n; return *this; } friend self_type operator+(const self_type& obj, difference_type n) { return self_type(obj.iterator_ + n, obj.mapper_); } friend difference_type operator-(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.iterator_ - rhs.iterator_; } value_type operator[](difference_type n) { return *(*this + n); } friend bool operator<(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.iterator_ < rhs.iterator_; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.iterator_ == rhs.iterator_; } private: Iterator iterator_; Mapper mapper_; }; namespace detail { template <typename ValuesIterator> struct IndirectMapper { static_assert(is_iterator<ValuesIterator>::value, "first indirect_iterator's template argument must be iterator."); static_assert( std::is_same<typename std::iterator_traits<ValuesIterator>::iterator_category, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::value, "ValuesIterator must be random assess iterator." ); using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<ValuesIterator>::value_type; using reference = const value_type&; using index_type = typename std::iterator_traits<ValuesIterator>::difference_type; IndirectMapper() = default; IndirectMapper(ValuesIterator values): values_(values) { } reference operator()(index_type n) const { return *(values_ + n); } private: ValuesIterator values_; }; } // namespace detail template <typename ValuesIterator, typename IndexesIterator> using indirect_iterator = mapping_iterator<IndexesIterator, detail::IndirectMapper<ValuesIterator>>; /** * Iterates over random acess iterator with usage of permutation. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> perm = {2, 0, 1}; * std::vector<std::string> values = {"Ala", "ma", "kota"}; * auto it = make_indirect_iterator(values.begin(), perm.begin()); * auto end = make_indirect_iterator(values.begin(), perm.end()); * for (const auto& elem: make_range(it, end)) { * std::cout << elem << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints: kota Ala ma */ template <typename ValuesIterator, typename IndexesIterator> auto make_indirect_iterator(ValuesIterator values, IndexesIterator indexes) -> indirect_iterator<ValuesIterator, IndexesIterator> { detail::IndirectMapper<ValuesIterator> mapper(values); return indirect_iterator<ValuesIterator, IndexesIterator>(std::move(indexes), std::move(mapper)); }; /** * Base class for generators implementation. * * Example: * <pre> * for (auto gen = new foo_generator(); gen->hasNext(); ) { * auto value = gen->next(); * ... * } * </pre> */ template <typename ValueType> class generator { public: using ptr = std::shared_ptr<generator>; using value_type = ValueType; generator() = default; generator(const generator&) = delete; generator& operator=(const generator&) = delete; generator(generator&&) = default; virtual ~generator() = default; /** * Generates new value and returns it. * * If there is no next value behaviour is undefined. */ virtual value_type next() = 0; /** * Returns true if generator can generate new value. */ virtual bool hasNext() = 0; }; /** * Iterator for iterating over values returned by generator. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<uint32> v(generator_iterator<uint32>(new foo_generator()), generator_iterator<uint32>()); * </pre> */ template <typename ValueType> class generator_iterator { public: using self_type = generator_iterator; using generator_type = generator<ValueType>; using generator_pointer = typename generator<ValueType>::ptr; using value_type = typename generator_type::value_type; using reference = const value_type&; using pointer = const value_type*; using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t; using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag; generator_iterator() = default; generator_iterator(generator_type* generator): generator_iterator(generator_pointer(generator)) { } generator_iterator(generator_pointer generator): generator_(std::move(generator)) { advance(); } reference operator*() const { return value_; } pointer operator->() const { return &value_; } self_type& operator++() { advance(); return *this; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return (&lhs == &rhs) || (lhs.is_end() && rhs.is_end()); } bool is_end() const { return !bool(generator_.get()); } private: void advance() { if (generator_->hasNext()) value_ = generator_->next(); else generator_.reset(); } generator_pointer generator_; value_type value_; }; /** * Returns iterator range to values generated by generator. * * Example: * <pre> * for (const auto& elem: iterate_generator(new foo_generator())) { * ... * } * </pre> */ template <typename T> iterator_range<generator_iterator<T>> iterate_generator(generator<T>* gen) { return make_range(generator_iterator<T>(gen), generator_iterator<T>()); } } // namespace lib // Jakub Staroń, 2016 namespace lib { namespace detail { const int kSimpleFancyFlagID = std::ios_base::xalloc(); enum printing_type { simple_printing_type = 0, fancy_printing_type = 1 }; class delimiter_printer { public: delimiter_printer(std::ostream& stream): first_(true) { fancy_ = (stream.iword(kSimpleFancyFlagID) == fancy_printing_type); } const char* prefix() { return fancy_? "(" : ""; } const char* delimiter() { if (!first_) { return fancy_? ", " : " "; } else { first_ = false; return ""; } } const char* postfix() { return fancy_? ")" : ""; } private: bool first_; bool fancy_; }; template <typename T> constexpr bool allow_print_operator() { return is_iterable<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, std::string>::value && !std::is_same<T, const char*>::value && !std::is_same<typename std::remove_extent<T>::type, char>::value; } } // namespace detail /** * Sets stream printing mode to simple. Default option. * * Example: * std::cout << simple << std::make_pair(1, 2) << std::endl; * Prints: * 1 2 */ std::ostream& simple(std::ostream& stream) { stream.iword(detail::kSimpleFancyFlagID) = detail::simple_printing_type; return stream; } /** * Sets stream printing mode to fancy. Helpful for printing debug messages. * * Example: * std::cout << simple << std::make_pair(1, 2) << std::endl; * Prints: * (1, 2) */ std::ostream& fancy(std::ostream& stream) { stream.iword(detail::kSimpleFancyFlagID) = detail::fancy_printing_type; return stream; } /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and pair. */ template <typename T1, typename T2> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair); /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and tuple. */ template <typename... Args> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::tuple<Args...>& tuple); /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and every iterable (eg vector, map, array). */ template <typename Iterable> typename std::enable_if<detail::allow_print_operator<Iterable>(), std::ostream&>::type operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Iterable& iterable); #ifdef USE_INT128_TYPES /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and uint128. */ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, uint128 n) { constexpr int32 buffer_size = 64; constexpr uint128 ten = 10; char buffer[buffer_size]; int32 index = buffer_size - 1; do { uint128 digit = n % 10; buffer[index--] = char('0' + digit); n /= 10; } while (n > 0 && index >= 0); stream.write(buffer + index + 1, buffer_size - index - 1); return stream; } /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and int128. */ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, int128 n) { if (n < 0) { stream.put('-'); n = -n; } stream << uint128(n); return stream; } #endif /** * Overload operator<< for istream and pair. */ template <typename T1, typename T2> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::pair<T1, T2>& pair); /** * Overload operator<< for istream and tuple. */ template <typename... Args> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::tuple<Args...>& tuple); /** * Helper for marking input as ignored. * * Example: * int a, b; * std::cin >> a >> ignore<int>() >> b; */ template <typename T> struct ignore { ignore() = default; friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, const ignore&&) { T ignored; return stream >> ignored; } friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, const ignore&) { T ignored; return stream >> ignored; } }; namespace detail { template<std::size_t...> struct integer_sequence{}; template <size_t N> struct generate_sequence { private: template<std::size_t M, std::size_t... Is> struct helper { using type = typename helper<M-1, M-1, Is...>::type; };; template<std::size_t... Is> struct helper<0, Is...> { using type = integer_sequence<Is...>; }; public: using type = typename helper<N>::type; }; template <typename Functor, size_t N> struct dynamize { using functor_type = Functor; private: using index_sequence = typename generate_sequence<N>::type; using function_type = void(functor_type::*)(); using table_type = std::array<function_type, N>; template <size_t... Indexes> static constexpr table_type build_table(integer_sequence<Indexes...>) { return {{&functor_type::template operator()<Indexes>...}}; } static constexpr table_type functions_ = build_table(index_sequence()); public: dynamize(functor_type&& functor): functor_(std::move(functor)) { } void call(size_t i) { if (i >= N) throw std::out_of_range("tuple_printer: out of range"); (functor_.*functions_[i])(); } private: functor_type functor_; }; template <typename Functor, size_t N> constexpr typename dynamize<Functor, N>::table_type dynamize<Functor, N>::functions_; template <typename... Args> class tuple_printer { static constexpr size_t arguments_count = sizeof...(Args); using tuple_type = std::tuple<Args...>; struct impl { std::ostream& stream_; const tuple_type& tuple_; template <size_t N> void operator()() { stream_ << std::get<N>(tuple_); } }; public: tuple_printer (std::ostream& stream, const tuple_type& tuple): dynamize_(impl{stream, tuple}) { } void print(size_t i) { dynamize_.call(i); } private: dynamize<impl, arguments_count> dynamize_; }; template <typename... Args> class tuple_reader { static constexpr size_t arguments_count = sizeof...(Args); using tuple_type = std::tuple<Args...>; struct impl { std::istream& stream_; tuple_type& tuple_; template <size_t N> void operator()() { stream_ >> std::get<N>(tuple_); } }; public: tuple_reader (std::istream& stream, tuple_type& tuple): dynamize_(impl{stream, tuple}) { } void read(size_t i) { dynamize_.call(i); } private: dynamize<impl, arguments_count> dynamize_; }; } // namespace detail template <typename T1, typename T2> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) { detail::delimiter_printer printer(stream); stream << printer.prefix(); stream << printer.delimiter() << pair.first; stream << printer.delimiter() << pair.second; stream << printer.postfix(); return stream; } template <typename... Args> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::tuple<Args...>& tuple) { detail::delimiter_printer delimiter_printer(stream); detail::tuple_printer<Args...> tuple_printer(stream, tuple); stream << delimiter_printer.prefix(); for (auto i: range<size_t>(0, sizeof...(Args))) { stream << delimiter_printer.delimiter(); tuple_printer.print(i); } stream << delimiter_printer.postfix(); return stream; } template <typename Iterable> typename std::enable_if<detail::allow_print_operator<Iterable>(), std::ostream&>::type operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Iterable& iterable) { detail::delimiter_printer printer(stream); stream << printer.prefix(); for (const auto& elem: iterable) { stream << printer.delimiter() << elem; } stream << printer.postfix(); return stream; } template <typename T1, typename T2> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) { return stream >> pair.first >> pair.second; } template <typename... Args> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::tuple<Args...>& tuple) { detail::tuple_reader<Args...> tuple_reader(stream, tuple); for (auto i: range<size_t>(0, sizeof...(Args))) { tuple_reader.read(i); } return stream; } /** * Second version of overload operator>> for istream and pair. * * Needed to allow constructions like * int a, b, c; * std::cin >> std::tie(a, b, c); */ template <typename... Args> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::tuple<Args...>&& tuple) { return stream >> tuple; } /** * Python-like print function. * * Example: * print(std::cerr, "1 + 2 = %0, 2 + 3 = %1", 3, 5); */ template <typename... Args> void print(std::ostream& stream, const char* format, const Args&... args) { auto tuple = std::make_tuple(std::cref(args)...); detail::tuple_printer<const Args&...> tuple_printer(stream, tuple); constexpr char null = '\0'; constexpr char percent = '%'; for (const char* it = format, *prev = format; *it != '\0'; ) { while (*it != null && *it != percent) it++; stream.write(prev, it - prev); if (*it == percent) { ++it; if (*it == percent) { stream.put(percent); } else if (std::isdigit(*it)) { size_t index = size_t(*it - '0'); tuple_printer.print(index); } else { throw std::invalid_argument("print - invalid character after %"); } prev = ++it; } } stream.put('\n'); } /** * Python-like print function. Prints to std::cout. */ template <typename... Args> void print(const char* format, const Args&... args) { print(std::cout, format, args...); } /** * flush operator for usage with print. * * Example * print("important message%0", lib::flush); */ std::ostream& flush(std::ostream& stream) { return stream.flush(); } /** * Python-like read function. * * Example: * int a, b; * read(std::cin, a, ignore<int>(), b); */ template <typename... Args> void read(std::istream& stream, Args&&... args) { auto tuple = std::make_tuple(std::ref(args)...); stream >> tuple; } /** * Generator for reading lines from std::istream. */ class lines_generator: public generator<std::string> { public: lines_generator(std::istream* stream): stream_(stream) { } value_type next() final { if (!stream_->good()) throw std::ios::failure("lines_generator - stream in invalid state after line read."); else std::getline(*stream_, line_); return line_; } bool hasNext() final { return !stream_->eof(); } private: std::istream* stream_; std::string line_; }; /** * Input iterator for reading lines from input. */ class lines_iterator: public generator_iterator<std::string> { public: lines_iterator() = default; lines_iterator(std::istream* stream): generator_iterator(new lines_generator(stream)) { } }; /** * Returns range of lines_iterator to iterate over all lines in stream. */ iterator_range<lines_iterator> iterate_lines(std::istream& stream) { return make_range(lines_iterator(&stream), lines_iterator()); } } // namespace lib using namespace lib; class Application { public: void Run() { for (auto i: range<uint32>(0, 1u << N)) { std::cout << A[Transform(i)] << ' '; } } uint32 Transform(uint32 i) { if (T % 2 == 0) return i; else return ~i % (1u << N); } void LoadData() { read(std::cin, N, T); A.reserve(1u << N); for (auto i: range<uint32>(0, 1u << N)) { uint32 a; read(std::cin, a); A.push_back(a); } } private: uint32 N, T; std::vector<uint32> A; }; int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::cout.tie(nullptr); Application application; application.LoadData(); application.Run(); return 0; }
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1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 | // Generated by include.py // Jakub Staroń, 2016 // For more info see https://github.com/staronj/ProgrammingContestsLibrary // Jakub Staroń, 2016 // Jakub Staroń, 2016 #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <iterator> #include <type_traits> #include <algorithm> #include <memory> #include <utility> #include <functional> #include <bitset> #include <vector> #include <array> #include <list> #include <deque> #include <queue> #include <set> #include <map> #include <unordered_set> #include <unordered_map> #include <cinttypes> #include <ctime> #include <cctype> #include <cstring> #include <random> #include <cassert> namespace lib { using int8 = std::int8_t; using uint8 = std::uint8_t; using int16 = std::int16_t; using uint16 = std::uint16_t; using int32 = std::int32_t; using uint32 = std::uint32_t; using int64 = std::int64_t; using uint64 = std::uint64_t; /** * Random number generator. Returns 32 bits numbers. * * You should prefer this random number generator over * C's rand(), because rand() max range is not strictly * defined and can be supringsly small (like 10000). */ std::knuth_b Random(time(0)); /** * 32 bits random generator. */ uint32 Random32() { return Random(); } /** * 64 bits random generator. */ uint64 Random64() { return uint64(Random32()) << 32 | uint64(Random32()); } #ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__ #define HAVE_INT128_TYPES #endif #define USE_INT128_TYPES_IF_AVAILABLE 0 #if defined(HAVE_INT128_TYPES) && USE_INT128_TYPES_IF_AVAILABLE #define USE_INT128_TYPES #endif #ifdef USE_INT128_TYPES using int128 = __int128; using uint128 = unsigned __int128; #endif using bit_vector = std::vector<bool>; using char_pair = std::pair<char, char>; using bool_pair = std::pair<bool, bool>; using int32_pair = std::pair<int32, int32>; using uint32_pair = std::pair<uint32, uint32>; using int64_pair = std::pair<int64, int64>; using uint64_pair = std::pair<uint64, uint64>; } // namespace lib // Jakub Staroń, 2016 // Jakub Staroń, 2016 namespace lib { // post-incrementation -> pre-incrementation template <typename T> inline T operator++(T& obj, int) { T temp = obj; ++obj; return temp; } // post-decrementation -> pre-decrementation template <typename T> inline T operator--(T& obj, int) { T temp = obj; --obj; return temp; } // obj += n -> obj + n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator+=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj + n; return obj; } // obj1 += obj2 -> obj1 + obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator+=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 + obj2; return obj1; } // obj -= n -> obj - n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator-=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj - n; return obj; } // obj1 -= obj2 -> obj1 - obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator-=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 - obj2; return obj1; } // obj *= n -> obj * n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator*=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj * n; return obj; } // obj1 *= obj2 -> obj1 * obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator*=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 * obj2; return obj1; } // obj %= n -> obj % n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator%=(T& obj, Integral n) { obj = obj % n; return obj; } // obj1 %= obj2 -> obj1 % obj2 template <typename T> inline T& operator%=(T& obj1, const T& obj2) { obj1 = obj1 % obj2; return obj1; } // n + obj -> obj + n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T>::type operator+(Integral n, const T& obj) { return obj + n; } // n * obj -> obj * n template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, T>::type operator*(Integral n, const T& obj) { return obj * n; } // obj - n -> obj + (-n) template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_signed<Integral>::value, T>::type operator-(const T& obj, Integral n) { return obj + (-n); } // obj -= n -> obj += (-n) template <typename T, typename Integral> inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_signed<Integral>::value, T&>::type operator-=(const T& obj, Integral n) { return obj += (-n); } // lhs > rhs -> rhs < lhs template <typename T> inline bool operator>(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return rhs < lhs; } // lhs <= rhs -> !(rhs < lhs) template <typename T> inline bool operator<=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !(rhs < lhs); } // lhs >= rhs -> !(rhs < lhs) template <typename T> inline bool operator>=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return rhs <= lhs; } // lhs >= rhs -> !(rhs < lhs) template <typename T> inline bool operator!=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !(lhs == rhs); } // + for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator+(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first + rhs.first, lhs.second + rhs.second); } // - for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator-(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first - rhs.first, lhs.second - rhs.second); } // % for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator%(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first % rhs.first, lhs.second % rhs.second); } // * for pairs template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator*(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first * rhs.first, lhs.second * rhs.second); } // % for (pair, Integral) template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2, typename Integral3> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator%(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const Integral3& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first % rhs, lhs.second % rhs); } // * for (pair, Integral) template <typename Integral1, typename Integral2, typename Integral3> constexpr std::pair<Integral1, Integral2> operator*(const std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>& lhs, const Integral3& rhs) { return std::pair<Integral1, Integral2>(lhs.first * rhs, lhs.second * rhs); } } // namespace lib namespace lib { /** * type_traits-like predicate. Equal to true_type if argument is iterator. * * Example: * <pre> * static_assert(is_iterator<std::vector<int>::iterator>::value, "vector iterator is not iterator! help!"); * </pre> */ template<typename Iterator> struct is_iterator { private: template<typename I> static constexpr auto test(int) -> decltype( *std::declval<const I>(), std::declval<const I>() == std::declval<const I>(), std::declval<const I>() != std::declval<const I>(), ++ std::declval<I&>(), std::declval<I&>() ++, std::iterator_traits<I>(), bool()) { return std::is_destructible<I>::value; } template<typename I> static constexpr bool test(...) { return false; } public: static constexpr bool value = test<Iterator>(0); }; /** * type_traits-like predicate. Equal to true_type if argument is iteratorable. * * Example: * <pre> * static_assert(is_iteratorable<std::vector<int>>::value, "vector should be iterable!"); * </pre> */ template<typename T> struct is_iterable { template <typename C> using begin_t = decltype(std::begin(std::declval<C&>())); template <typename C> using end_t = decltype(std::end(std::declval<C&>())); template<typename I> static constexpr auto test(int) -> decltype( std::declval<begin_t<I>>(), std::declval<end_t<I>>(), bool()) { return std::is_same<begin_t<I>, end_t<I>>::value && is_iterator<begin_t<I>>::value; } template<typename I> static constexpr bool test(...) { return false; } public: static constexpr bool value = test<T>(0); }; /** * Random access iterator for iterating over integral type. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(counting_iterator<int>(0), counting_iterator<int>(5)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} */ template <typename Integral> class counting_iterator { public: static_assert(std::is_integral<Integral>::value, "counting_iterator's template argument should be integral"); using self_type = counting_iterator; using value_type = Integral; using reference = const value_type&; using pointer = const value_type*; using difference_type = typename std::make_signed<Integral>::type; using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag; counting_iterator(): value_() { } explicit counting_iterator(Integral n): value_(n) { } reference operator*() const { return value_; } self_type& operator++() { ++value_; return *this; } self_type& operator--() { --value_; return *this; } self_type& operator+=(difference_type n) { value_ += n; return *this; } friend self_type operator+(const self_type& obj, difference_type n) { return self_type(obj.value_ + n); } friend difference_type operator-(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ - rhs.value_; } value_type operator[](difference_type n) { return value_type(value_ + n); } friend bool operator<(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ < rhs.value_; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ == rhs.value_; } private: Integral value_; }; /** * Helper function for building counting_iterator. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(make_counting_iterator(0), make_counting_iterator(5)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} */ template <typename Integral> auto make_counting_iterator(Integral n) -> counting_iterator<Integral> { return counting_iterator<Integral>(n); } /** * Random access iterator for iterating over integral type in reversed order. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(reverse_counting_iterator<int>(4), reverse_counting_iterator<int>(-1)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {4, 3, 2, 1, 0} */ template <typename Integral> class reverse_counting_iterator { public: static_assert(std::is_integral<Integral>::value, "reverse_counting_iterator's template argument should be integral"); using self_type = reverse_counting_iterator; using value_type = Integral; using reference = const value_type&; using pointer = const value_type*; using difference_type = typename std::make_signed<Integral>::type; using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag; reverse_counting_iterator(): value_() { } explicit reverse_counting_iterator(Integral n): value_(n) { } reference operator*() const { return value_; } self_type& operator++() { --value_; return *this; } self_type& operator--() { ++value_; return *this; } self_type& operator+=(difference_type n) { value_ -= n; return *this; } friend self_type operator+(const self_type& obj, difference_type n) { return self_type(obj.value_ - n); } friend difference_type operator-(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return rhs.value_ - lhs.value_; } value_type operator[](difference_type n) { return value_type(value_ - n); } friend bool operator<(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return rhs.value_ < lhs.value_; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.value_ == rhs.value_; } private: Integral value_; }; /** * Helper function for building reverse_counting_iterator. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v(make_reverse_counting_iterator(4), make_reverse_counting_iterator(-1)); * </pre> * * Produces v with elements {4, 3, 2, 1, 0} */ template <typename Integral> auto make_reverse_counting_iterator(Integral n) -> reverse_counting_iterator<Integral> { return reverse_counting_iterator<Integral>(n); } /** * Helper class for encapsulating iterator pair as iterable. * * Example: * <pre> * void foo(Iterator begin, Iterator end) { * for (const auto& elem: iterator_range<Iterator>(begin, end)) { * ... * } * } * </pre> */ template <typename Iterator> class iterator_range { public: using iterator_type = Iterator; using reference = const Iterator&; static_assert(is_iterator<Iterator>::value, "iterator_range's template argument should be iterator!"); explicit iterator_range(Iterator begin, Iterator end): begin_(std::move(begin)), end_(std::move(end)) { } reference begin() const { return begin_; } reference end() const { return end_; } private: iterator_type begin_; iterator_type end_; }; /** * Helper function for encapsulating iterator pair as iterable. * * Example: * <pre> * void foo(Iterator begin, Iterator end) { * for (const auto& elem: make_range(begin, end)) { * ... * } * } * </pre> */ template <typename Iterator> auto make_range(Iterator begin, Iterator end) -> iterator_range<Iterator> { return iterator_range<Iterator>(std::move(begin), std::move(end)); } /** * Python-like range function. * * Example: * <pre> * for (auto i: range(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints: 0 1 2 3 4 * * You can also explicitly specify the type: * <pre> * for (auto i: range<uint32>(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> */ template <typename Integral> auto range(Integral begin, Integral end) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, iterator_range<counting_iterator<Integral>>>::type { return make_range(make_counting_iterator(begin), make_counting_iterator(end)); } /** * Python-like function for iterating over reversed range. * * Example: * <pre> * for (auto i: rrange(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints: 4 3 2 1 0 * * You can also explicitly specify the type: * <pre> * for (auto i: rrange<uint32>(0, 5)) { * std::cout << i << ' '; * } * </pre> */ template <typename Integral> auto rrange(Integral begin, Integral end) -> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Integral>::value, iterator_range<reverse_counting_iterator<Integral>>>::type { return make_range(make_reverse_counting_iterator(end - 1), make_reverse_counting_iterator(begin - 1)); } /** * Iterator performing transformation on values. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3}; * using iterator = std::vector<int>::iterator; * using mapping_it = mapping_iterator<iterator, std::function<int(int)>>; * mapping_it it(v.begin(), [](int n) { return 2*n; }); * mapping_it end(v.end()); * * for (const auto& elem: make_range(it, end)) { * std::cout << elem << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints 2 4 6 */ template <typename Iterator, typename Mapper> class mapping_iterator { public: using self_type = mapping_iterator; using underlying_value_type = decltype(*std::declval<Iterator>()); using value_type = decltype(std::declval<Mapper>()(std::declval<underlying_value_type>())); using reference = value_type; using pointer = typename std::remove_reference<value_type>::type*; using difference_type = typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::difference_type; using iterator_category = typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category; mapping_iterator(const Mapper& mapper = Mapper()): iterator_(), mapper_(mapper) { } explicit mapping_iterator(Iterator iterator, const Mapper& mapper = Mapper()): iterator_(iterator), mapper_(mapper) { } reference operator*() const { return mapper_(*iterator_); } self_type& operator++() { ++iterator_; return *this; } self_type& operator--() { --iterator_; return *this; } self_type& operator+=(difference_type n) { iterator_ += n; return *this; } friend self_type operator+(const self_type& obj, difference_type n) { return self_type(obj.iterator_ + n, obj.mapper_); } friend difference_type operator-(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.iterator_ - rhs.iterator_; } value_type operator[](difference_type n) { return *(*this + n); } friend bool operator<(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.iterator_ < rhs.iterator_; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return lhs.iterator_ == rhs.iterator_; } private: Iterator iterator_; Mapper mapper_; }; namespace detail { template <typename ValuesIterator> struct IndirectMapper { static_assert(is_iterator<ValuesIterator>::value, "first indirect_iterator's template argument must be iterator."); static_assert( std::is_same<typename std::iterator_traits<ValuesIterator>::iterator_category, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::value, "ValuesIterator must be random assess iterator." ); using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<ValuesIterator>::value_type; using reference = const value_type&; using index_type = typename std::iterator_traits<ValuesIterator>::difference_type; IndirectMapper() = default; IndirectMapper(ValuesIterator values): values_(values) { } reference operator()(index_type n) const { return *(values_ + n); } private: ValuesIterator values_; }; } // namespace detail template <typename ValuesIterator, typename IndexesIterator> using indirect_iterator = mapping_iterator<IndexesIterator, detail::IndirectMapper<ValuesIterator>>; /** * Iterates over random acess iterator with usage of permutation. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<int> perm = {2, 0, 1}; * std::vector<std::string> values = {"Ala", "ma", "kota"}; * auto it = make_indirect_iterator(values.begin(), perm.begin()); * auto end = make_indirect_iterator(values.begin(), perm.end()); * for (const auto& elem: make_range(it, end)) { * std::cout << elem << ' '; * } * </pre> * Prints: kota Ala ma */ template <typename ValuesIterator, typename IndexesIterator> auto make_indirect_iterator(ValuesIterator values, IndexesIterator indexes) -> indirect_iterator<ValuesIterator, IndexesIterator> { detail::IndirectMapper<ValuesIterator> mapper(values); return indirect_iterator<ValuesIterator, IndexesIterator>(std::move(indexes), std::move(mapper)); }; /** * Base class for generators implementation. * * Example: * <pre> * for (auto gen = new foo_generator(); gen->hasNext(); ) { * auto value = gen->next(); * ... * } * </pre> */ template <typename ValueType> class generator { public: using ptr = std::shared_ptr<generator>; using value_type = ValueType; generator() = default; generator(const generator&) = delete; generator& operator=(const generator&) = delete; generator(generator&&) = default; virtual ~generator() = default; /** * Generates new value and returns it. * * If there is no next value behaviour is undefined. */ virtual value_type next() = 0; /** * Returns true if generator can generate new value. */ virtual bool hasNext() = 0; }; /** * Iterator for iterating over values returned by generator. * * Example: * <pre> * std::vector<uint32> v(generator_iterator<uint32>(new foo_generator()), generator_iterator<uint32>()); * </pre> */ template <typename ValueType> class generator_iterator { public: using self_type = generator_iterator; using generator_type = generator<ValueType>; using generator_pointer = typename generator<ValueType>::ptr; using value_type = typename generator_type::value_type; using reference = const value_type&; using pointer = const value_type*; using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t; using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag; generator_iterator() = default; generator_iterator(generator_type* generator): generator_iterator(generator_pointer(generator)) { } generator_iterator(generator_pointer generator): generator_(std::move(generator)) { advance(); } reference operator*() const { return value_; } pointer operator->() const { return &value_; } self_type& operator++() { advance(); return *this; } friend bool operator==(const self_type& lhs, const self_type& rhs) { return (&lhs == &rhs) || (lhs.is_end() && rhs.is_end()); } bool is_end() const { return !bool(generator_.get()); } private: void advance() { if (generator_->hasNext()) value_ = generator_->next(); else generator_.reset(); } generator_pointer generator_; value_type value_; }; /** * Returns iterator range to values generated by generator. * * Example: * <pre> * for (const auto& elem: iterate_generator(new foo_generator())) { * ... * } * </pre> */ template <typename T> iterator_range<generator_iterator<T>> iterate_generator(generator<T>* gen) { return make_range(generator_iterator<T>(gen), generator_iterator<T>()); } } // namespace lib // Jakub Staroń, 2016 namespace lib { namespace detail { const int kSimpleFancyFlagID = std::ios_base::xalloc(); enum printing_type { simple_printing_type = 0, fancy_printing_type = 1 }; class delimiter_printer { public: delimiter_printer(std::ostream& stream): first_(true) { fancy_ = (stream.iword(kSimpleFancyFlagID) == fancy_printing_type); } const char* prefix() { return fancy_? "(" : ""; } const char* delimiter() { if (!first_) { return fancy_? ", " : " "; } else { first_ = false; return ""; } } const char* postfix() { return fancy_? ")" : ""; } private: bool first_; bool fancy_; }; template <typename T> constexpr bool allow_print_operator() { return is_iterable<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, std::string>::value && !std::is_same<T, const char*>::value && !std::is_same<typename std::remove_extent<T>::type, char>::value; } } // namespace detail /** * Sets stream printing mode to simple. Default option. * * Example: * std::cout << simple << std::make_pair(1, 2) << std::endl; * Prints: * 1 2 */ std::ostream& simple(std::ostream& stream) { stream.iword(detail::kSimpleFancyFlagID) = detail::simple_printing_type; return stream; } /** * Sets stream printing mode to fancy. Helpful for printing debug messages. * * Example: * std::cout << simple << std::make_pair(1, 2) << std::endl; * Prints: * (1, 2) */ std::ostream& fancy(std::ostream& stream) { stream.iword(detail::kSimpleFancyFlagID) = detail::fancy_printing_type; return stream; } /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and pair. */ template <typename T1, typename T2> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair); /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and tuple. */ template <typename... Args> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::tuple<Args...>& tuple); /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and every iterable (eg vector, map, array). */ template <typename Iterable> typename std::enable_if<detail::allow_print_operator<Iterable>(), std::ostream&>::type operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Iterable& iterable); #ifdef USE_INT128_TYPES /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and uint128. */ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, uint128 n) { constexpr int32 buffer_size = 64; constexpr uint128 ten = 10; char buffer[buffer_size]; int32 index = buffer_size - 1; do { uint128 digit = n % 10; buffer[index--] = char('0' + digit); n /= 10; } while (n > 0 && index >= 0); stream.write(buffer + index + 1, buffer_size - index - 1); return stream; } /** * Overload operator<< for ostream and int128. */ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, int128 n) { if (n < 0) { stream.put('-'); n = -n; } stream << uint128(n); return stream; } #endif /** * Overload operator<< for istream and pair. */ template <typename T1, typename T2> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::pair<T1, T2>& pair); /** * Overload operator<< for istream and tuple. */ template <typename... Args> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::tuple<Args...>& tuple); /** * Helper for marking input as ignored. * * Example: * int a, b; * std::cin >> a >> ignore<int>() >> b; */ template <typename T> struct ignore { ignore() = default; friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, const ignore&&) { T ignored; return stream >> ignored; } friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, const ignore&) { T ignored; return stream >> ignored; } }; namespace detail { template<std::size_t...> struct integer_sequence{}; template <size_t N> struct generate_sequence { private: template<std::size_t M, std::size_t... Is> struct helper { using type = typename helper<M-1, M-1, Is...>::type; };; template<std::size_t... Is> struct helper<0, Is...> { using type = integer_sequence<Is...>; }; public: using type = typename helper<N>::type; }; template <typename Functor, size_t N> struct dynamize { using functor_type = Functor; private: using index_sequence = typename generate_sequence<N>::type; using function_type = void(functor_type::*)(); using table_type = std::array<function_type, N>; template <size_t... Indexes> static constexpr table_type build_table(integer_sequence<Indexes...>) { return {{&functor_type::template operator()<Indexes>...}}; } static constexpr table_type functions_ = build_table(index_sequence()); public: dynamize(functor_type&& functor): functor_(std::move(functor)) { } void call(size_t i) { if (i >= N) throw std::out_of_range("tuple_printer: out of range"); (functor_.*functions_[i])(); } private: functor_type functor_; }; template <typename Functor, size_t N> constexpr typename dynamize<Functor, N>::table_type dynamize<Functor, N>::functions_; template <typename... Args> class tuple_printer { static constexpr size_t arguments_count = sizeof...(Args); using tuple_type = std::tuple<Args...>; struct impl { std::ostream& stream_; const tuple_type& tuple_; template <size_t N> void operator()() { stream_ << std::get<N>(tuple_); } }; public: tuple_printer (std::ostream& stream, const tuple_type& tuple): dynamize_(impl{stream, tuple}) { } void print(size_t i) { dynamize_.call(i); } private: dynamize<impl, arguments_count> dynamize_; }; template <typename... Args> class tuple_reader { static constexpr size_t arguments_count = sizeof...(Args); using tuple_type = std::tuple<Args...>; struct impl { std::istream& stream_; tuple_type& tuple_; template <size_t N> void operator()() { stream_ >> std::get<N>(tuple_); } }; public: tuple_reader (std::istream& stream, tuple_type& tuple): dynamize_(impl{stream, tuple}) { } void read(size_t i) { dynamize_.call(i); } private: dynamize<impl, arguments_count> dynamize_; }; } // namespace detail template <typename T1, typename T2> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) { detail::delimiter_printer printer(stream); stream << printer.prefix(); stream << printer.delimiter() << pair.first; stream << printer.delimiter() << pair.second; stream << printer.postfix(); return stream; } template <typename... Args> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::tuple<Args...>& tuple) { detail::delimiter_printer delimiter_printer(stream); detail::tuple_printer<Args...> tuple_printer(stream, tuple); stream << delimiter_printer.prefix(); for (auto i: range<size_t>(0, sizeof...(Args))) { stream << delimiter_printer.delimiter(); tuple_printer.print(i); } stream << delimiter_printer.postfix(); return stream; } template <typename Iterable> typename std::enable_if<detail::allow_print_operator<Iterable>(), std::ostream&>::type operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Iterable& iterable) { detail::delimiter_printer printer(stream); stream << printer.prefix(); for (const auto& elem: iterable) { stream << printer.delimiter() << elem; } stream << printer.postfix(); return stream; } template <typename T1, typename T2> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) { return stream >> pair.first >> pair.second; } template <typename... Args> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::tuple<Args...>& tuple) { detail::tuple_reader<Args...> tuple_reader(stream, tuple); for (auto i: range<size_t>(0, sizeof...(Args))) { tuple_reader.read(i); } return stream; } /** * Second version of overload operator>> for istream and pair. * * Needed to allow constructions like * int a, b, c; * std::cin >> std::tie(a, b, c); */ template <typename... Args> std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::tuple<Args...>&& tuple) { return stream >> tuple; } /** * Python-like print function. * * Example: * print(std::cerr, "1 + 2 = %0, 2 + 3 = %1", 3, 5); */ template <typename... Args> void print(std::ostream& stream, const char* format, const Args&... args) { auto tuple = std::make_tuple(std::cref(args)...); detail::tuple_printer<const Args&...> tuple_printer(stream, tuple); constexpr char null = '\0'; constexpr char percent = '%'; for (const char* it = format, *prev = format; *it != '\0'; ) { while (*it != null && *it != percent) it++; stream.write(prev, it - prev); if (*it == percent) { ++it; if (*it == percent) { stream.put(percent); } else if (std::isdigit(*it)) { size_t index = size_t(*it - '0'); tuple_printer.print(index); } else { throw std::invalid_argument("print - invalid character after %"); } prev = ++it; } } stream.put('\n'); } /** * Python-like print function. Prints to std::cout. */ template <typename... Args> void print(const char* format, const Args&... args) { print(std::cout, format, args...); } /** * flush operator for usage with print. * * Example * print("important message%0", lib::flush); */ std::ostream& flush(std::ostream& stream) { return stream.flush(); } /** * Python-like read function. * * Example: * int a, b; * read(std::cin, a, ignore<int>(), b); */ template <typename... Args> void read(std::istream& stream, Args&&... args) { auto tuple = std::make_tuple(std::ref(args)...); stream >> tuple; } /** * Generator for reading lines from std::istream. */ class lines_generator: public generator<std::string> { public: lines_generator(std::istream* stream): stream_(stream) { } value_type next() final { if (!stream_->good()) throw std::ios::failure("lines_generator - stream in invalid state after line read."); else std::getline(*stream_, line_); return line_; } bool hasNext() final { return !stream_->eof(); } private: std::istream* stream_; std::string line_; }; /** * Input iterator for reading lines from input. */ class lines_iterator: public generator_iterator<std::string> { public: lines_iterator() = default; lines_iterator(std::istream* stream): generator_iterator(new lines_generator(stream)) { } }; /** * Returns range of lines_iterator to iterate over all lines in stream. */ iterator_range<lines_iterator> iterate_lines(std::istream& stream) { return make_range(lines_iterator(&stream), lines_iterator()); } } // namespace lib using namespace lib; class Application { public: void Run() { for (auto i: range<uint32>(0, 1u << N)) { std::cout << A[Transform(i)] << ' '; } } uint32 Transform(uint32 i) { if (T % 2 == 0) return i; else return ~i % (1u << N); } void LoadData() { read(std::cin, N, T); A.reserve(1u << N); for (auto i: range<uint32>(0, 1u << N)) { uint32 a; read(std::cin, a); A.push_back(a); } } private: uint32 N, T; std::vector<uint32> A; }; int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::cout.tie(nullptr); Application application; application.LoadData(); application.Run(); return 0; } |