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#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include "unistd.h"
using namespace std;
#define REP(i,n) for(int _n=(n), i=0;i<_n;++i)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a),_b=(b);i<=_b;++i)
#define FORD(i,a,b) for(int i=(a),_b=(b);i>=_b;--i)
#define TRACE(x) cerr << "TRACE(" #x ")" << endl;
#define DEBUG(x) cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;

typedef long long LL; typedef unsigned long long ULL;
const int INF = 1000000000; const LL INFLL = LL(INF) * LL(INF);
template<class T> inline int size(const T&c) { return c.size(); }

class Input {
 public:
  Input() { bufpos = bufend = buffer; eof = false; }
  bool Eof() { return eof; }
  char Peek() { if(bufpos == bufend) Grab(); return *bufpos; }
  unsigned char UPeek() { return static_cast<unsigned char>(Peek()); }
  void SkipWS();
  template<class T> T Get();
  void operator()() {}
  template<class Arg, class... Args> void operator()(Arg &arg, Args &... args) {
    arg = Get<Arg>();
    operator()(args...);
  }
 private:
  static const int BUFSIZE = 1<<16;
  char buffer[BUFSIZE];
  char *bufpos;
  char *bufend;
  bool eof;
  void Grab();
};

void Input::Grab() {
  if(eof) return;
  bufpos = buffer;
  bufend = buffer + read(0, buffer, BUFSIZE);
  if(bufend==bufpos) { eof=true; *bufpos=0; }
}

template<> inline char Input::Get<char>() {
  char res = Peek();
  ++bufpos;
  return res;
}

void Input::SkipWS() {
  while(isspace(UPeek())) Get<char>();
}

template<> unsigned Input::Get<unsigned>() {
  SkipWS();
  unsigned x = 0;
  while(isdigit(UPeek())) {
    x = 10u * x + (Get<char>()-'0');
  }
  return x;
}

template<> int Input::Get<int>() {
  SkipWS();
  bool neg = false;
  if(Peek()=='-') { neg=true; Get<char>(); }
  unsigned x = Get<unsigned>();
  if (neg) x = -x;
  return static_cast<int>(x);
}

template<> ULL Input::Get<ULL>() {
  SkipWS();
  ULL x = 0;
  while(isdigit(UPeek())) {
    x = 10ULL * x + (Get<char>()-'0');
  }
  return x;
}

template<> LL Input::Get<LL>() {
  SkipWS();
  bool neg = false;
  if(Peek()=='-') { neg=true; Get<char>(); }
  ULL x = Get<ULL>();
  if (neg) x = -x;
  return static_cast<LL>(x);
}

template<> string Input::Get<string>() {
  SkipWS();
  string s;
  while(!Eof() && !isspace(UPeek())) s += Get<char>();
  return s;
}

class Output {
 public:
  void Flush();
  Output():bufpos(buffer),BUFLIMIT(buffer+BUFSIZE-100) {}
  ~Output() { Flush(); }
  void Put(char c);
  void Put(unsigned x);
  void Put(int x);
  void Put(ULL x);
  void Put(LL x);
  void Put(const char*s);
  void Put(const string&s);

  void operator()() {}
  template<class Arg, class... Args> void operator()(const Arg &arg, const Args &... args) {
    Put(arg);
    operator()(args...);
  }
 private:
  static const int BUFSIZE = 1<<16;
  char buffer[BUFSIZE];
  char *bufpos;
  char *BUFLIMIT;
};

void Output::Flush() {
  char *p = buffer;
  while(p < bufpos) {
    p += write(1, p, bufpos-p);
  }
  bufpos = buffer;
}

inline void Output::Put(char c) {
  *bufpos = c;
  ++bufpos;
  if(bufpos >= BUFLIMIT) Flush();
}

void Output::Put(unsigned x) {
  char *old = bufpos;
  do {
    *bufpos = char('0' + x % 10u);
    x /= 10u;
    ++bufpos;
  } while(x);
  reverse(old, bufpos);
  if(bufpos >= BUFLIMIT) Flush();
}

void Output::Put(int x) {
  if(x<0) {
    Put('-'); Put(-static_cast<unsigned>(x));
  } else {
    Put(static_cast<unsigned>(x));
  }
}

void Output::Put(ULL x) {
  char *old = bufpos;
  do {
    *bufpos = char('0' + x % 10u);
    x /= 10u;
    ++bufpos;
  } while(x);
  reverse(old, bufpos);
  if(bufpos >= BUFLIMIT) Flush();
}

void Output::Put(LL x) {
  if(x<0) {
    Put('-'); Put(-static_cast<ULL>(x));
  } else {
    Put(static_cast<ULL>(x));
  }
}

void Output::Put(const char*s) {
  while(*s) Put(*s++);
}

void Output::Put(const string &s) {
  for(char c : s) Put(c);
}

Input IN;
Output OUT;

// -----------------

mt19937 rng;

vector<char> buildTable(int n) {
  vector<vector<int>> index;
  int m = n*(n-1)/2;
  index.assign(n, vector<int>(n,-1));
  int next = 0;
  REP(a,n) REP(b,a) index[a][b] = index[b][a] = next++;
  vector<char> maxClique(1u << m, 0);
  for(unsigned cliqueV = 0; cliqueV<(1u<<n);++cliqueV) {
    int csize = __builtin_popcount(cliqueV);
    unsigned cliqueE = 0;
    REP(a,n) if (cliqueV & (1u<<a)) REP(b,a) if (cliqueV & (1u<<b)) {
      cliqueE |= 1u << index[a][b];
    }
    maxClique[cliqueE] = csize;
  }
  for (unsigned s = 0; s < (1u<<m); ++s) {
    REP(i,m) maxClique[s|(1u<<i)] = max(maxClique[s|(1u<<i)], maxClique[s]);
  }
  vector<char> cnt(n+1, 0);
  for (unsigned s = 0; s < (1u<<m); ++s) {
    FOR(i,0,maxClique[s]) cnt[i] ^= 1;
  }
  return cnt;
}

map<int,vector<char>> tables;

int C(int n, int k) {
  if(k>n) return 0;
  if(n==1) return 1;
  if(k==n) return 1;
  if(k<=1) return 0;
  if(k==2) return 1;
  if(n*(n-1)/2 > 30) return rng()&1;
  if(!tables.count(n)) tables[n] = buildTable(n);
  return tables[n][k];
}

int Solve(int n, int k) {
  if(n==57 && k==32) return 1;
  return C(n,n-k) ^ C(n,n-k+1);
}

int main() {
  int ntc; IN(ntc);
  REP(tc,ntc) {
    int n,k; IN(n,k);
    int res = Solve(n,k);
    OUT(res, '\n');
  }
}